python取随机小数_python,random随机数的获取

随机数生成

首先我们需要在程序中引入random》》》import random as r

r.random()用于生成一个随机的浮点数，

>>> print(r.random())0.23928059596578843

>>>

r.uniform(10,20)，生成一个随机的浮点数，如果a>b 则a为上限，b为下限。如果a

>>> print(r.uniform(10,20))15.995495884011348

>>> print(r.uniform(20,10))13.179092381602349

>>>

#如果没有给定a,b那么会报错

>>> print(r.uniform())

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

print(r.uniform())

TypeError: uniform() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'

>>> print(r.randint())

r.randint(a,b),生成一个随机的整数，a 是下限，b是上限。下限必须小于上限

>>> print(r.randint())

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in

print(r.randint())

TypeError: randint() missing2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'

>>> print(r.randint(1,10))1

>>> print(r.randint(10,1))

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

print(r.randint(10,1))

File "D:\python\lib\random.py", line 222, in randint

return self.randrange(a, b+1)

File "D:\python\lib\random.py", line 200, in randrange

raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))

ValueError: empty range for randrange() (10,2, -8)

>>>

r.randrange(a,b,1or2)，随机取出指定范围内的奇偶数，1奇数 2偶数

>>> r.randrange(0,10,2)6

>>> r.randrange(0,10,1)1

>>> r.randrange(0,10,1)7

>>>

r.choice('qwertuiopolkjhgffdsa')所及取出某一个字符

>>> print(r.choice('qwertyuiop[]lkjhgfdsazxcvbnm'))

k>>> print(r.choice('qwertyuiop[]lkjhgfdsazxcvbnm'))

n>>> print(r.choice('qwertyuiop[]lkjhgfdsazxcvbnm'))

t>>>

r.sample(str,num)，会随机输出num个字符，且num一定小于等于len(str)

#小于字符长度时

>>> r.sample('qweasd',2)

['d', 'q']#大于字符长度时

>>> r.sample('qweasd',8)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in r.sample('qweasd',8)

File"D:\python\lib\random.py", line 319, insampleraise ValueError("Sample larger than population or is negative")

ValueError: Sample larger than populationor isnegative#等于字符长度时

>>> r.sample('qweasd',6)

['s', 'd', 'a', 'e', 'w', 'q']>>>

洗牌，也就是随机排序

>>> items = [1,2,3,4,5,6]>>>r.shuffle(items)>>>items

[3, 6, 1, 5, 2, 4]>>>