计算机科学有多少稿费,MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION稿费多少

研究通过对洞穴扁虫科(Cavernicola)进行首次全面的分子分析,证实了该科的单系群性质,并揭示其与海洋扁虫的姐妹群关系。祖先状态重建表明,洞穴扁虫起源于淡水环境,后来辐射并占据了地下和地面环境。种群稀少可能部分归因于收集偏见。洞穴扁虫科的高物种多样性及分布的不连续性暗示了生态竞争或环境变化对其演化的可能影响。
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Abstract:

:The planarian suborder Cavernicola Sluys, 1990 was originally created to house five species of triclad flatworms with special morphological features and a surprisingly discontinuous and broad geographic distribution. These five species could not be accommodated with any degree of certainty in any of the three taxonomic groups existing at that moment, viz., Paludicola Hallez, 1892, Terricola Hallez, 1892, and Maricola Hallez, 1892. The scarce representation of the group and the peculiarities of the morphological features of the species, including several described more recently, have complicated new tests of the monophyly of the Cavernicola, the assessment of its taxonomic status, as well as the resolution of its internal relationships. Here we present the first molecular study including all genera currently known for the group, excepting one. We analysed newly generated 18S and 28S rDNA data for these species, together with a broad representation of other triclad flatworms. The resulting phylogenetic trees supported the monophyly of the Cavernicola, as well as its sister-group relationship to the Maricola. The sister-group relationship to the Maricola and affinities within the Cavernicola falsify the morphology-based phylogeny of the latter that was proposed previously. The relatively high diversity of some cavernicolan genera suggests that the presumed rarity of the group actually may in part be due to a collecting artefact. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses suggest that the ancestral habitat of the group concerned epigean freshwater conditions. Our results point to an evolutionary scenario in which the Cavernicola (a) originated in a freshwater habitat, (b) as the sister clade of the marine triclads, and (c) subsequently radiated and colonized both epigean and hypogean environments. Competition with other planarians, notably members of the Continenticola, or changes in epigean habitat conditions are two possible explanations -still to be tested- for the loss of most epigean diversity of the Cavernicola, which is currently reflected in their highly disjunct distributions.

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