python打开浏览器怎么写_基于Python模拟浏览器发送http请求

1.使用 urllib2 实现

#! /usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-

import urllib2

url="https://www.baidu.com"

req_header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",

"Accept":"text/html;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",

"Accept-Charset":"ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",

"Connection":"close",

"Referer":None #注意如果依然不能抓取的话，这里可以设置抓取网站的host

}

req_timeout = 5

req = urllib2.Request(url,None,req_header)

resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,req_timeout)

html = resp.read()

print(html)

2.使用 requests 模块

（1）.get请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"

payload = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}

r = requests.get(url, params=payload)

print r.text

（2）.post请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址

url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址

data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}

headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",

"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",

"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"

}

res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)

res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)

print res2.content#获得二进制响应内容

print res2.raw#获得原始响应内容,需要stream=True

print res2.raw.read(50)

print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容

print res2.url

print res2.history#追踪重定向

print res2.cookies

print res2.cookies["example_cookie_name"]

print res2.headers

print res2.headers["Content-Type"]

print res2.headers.get("content-type")

print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为json

print res2.encoding#返回内容编码

print res2.status_code#返回http状态码

print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码

（3）.使用session对象的写法

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

s = requests.Session()

url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址

url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址

data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}

headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",

"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",

"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"

}

prepped1 = requests.Request("POST", url1,

data=data,

headers=headers

).prepare()

s.send(prepped1)

"""

也可以这样写

res = requests.Request("POST", url1,

data=data,

headers=headers

)

prepared = s.prepare_request(res)

# do something with prepped.body

# do something with prepped.headers

s.send(prepared)

"""

prepare2 = requests.Request("POST", url2,

headers=headers

).prepare()

res2 = s.send(prepare2)

print res2.content

"""另一种写法"""

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

s = requests.Session()

url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址

url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址

data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}

headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip",

"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",

"Referer":"http://www.example.com/",

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"

}

res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)

res2 = s.post(url2)

print(resp2.content)

3.其他的一些请求方式

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")

>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")

>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")

>>> r = requests.options(http://httpbin.org/get)

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。