python获取目录树_Python读取文件目录树——os.walk

os.walk是Python的内置函数用来遍历文件目录树。

[python]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\assa'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

import os

rootDir = 'd:\assa'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)目录结构为：

[python]

+test

+f1

2.txt

+f2

3.txt

1.txt

+test

+f1

2.txt

+f2

3.txt

1.txt输出结果为：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt可以看到这是自顶向下的遍历顺序，如果我们要自底向上，先从最深处的文件开始遍历，可以加上topdown参数：[python] view plaincopyprint?import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir, topdown = False):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir, topdown = False):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)结果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt如果想要在搜索的时候加上条件？比如跳过第一个文件夹，os.walk也可以做到：[python] view plaincopyprint?import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

del subdirList[0]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

del subdirList[0]结果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt有的同学却不能得到正确的结果，我们可以看看如下代码：

[python]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

subdirList = subdirList[1:]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

subdirList = subdirList[1:]

结果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

看起来和之前的版本相似，但是却不能得到期望的结果。这是因为我们没有就地改变subdirList的值：

[python]

>> a=[1,2,3]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> del a[0]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> a = a[1:]

>>> id(a)

34006024

>>> a=[1,2,3]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> del a[0]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> a = a[1:]

>>> id(a)

34006024