mysql dba需要会什么_面对一个全新的环境,作为一个Mysql DBA,首先应该了解什么?

前段时间有高人写了一篇《面对一个全新的环境,作为一个Oracle DBA,首先应该了解什么》，本文借花献佛，总结了一些思路，如何面对一个全新的Mysql环境。

1、先要了解当前的Mysql数据库的版本和平台以及字符集等相关信息

mysql> status

--------------

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.34, for unknown-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:                25874330

Current database:

Current user:

SSL:                        Not in use

Current pager:                stdout

Using outfile:                ''

Using delimiter:        ;

Server version:                5.1.34-log Source distribution

Protocol version:        10

Connection:                Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset:        utf8

Db     characterset:        utf8

Client characterset:        utf8

Conn.  characterset:        utf8

UNIX socket:                /tmp/mysql.sock

Uptime:                        13 days 14 hours 18 min 36 sec

Threads: 7  Questions: 190708290  Slow queries: 19  Opens: 57835  Flush tables: 1

Open tables: 84  Queries per second avg: 162.344

--------------

2、其次要了解你的数据库中支持哪些存储引擎，5.1的话顺便查下插件情况。

mysql> show engines;

+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| Engine     | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |

+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |

| MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |

| BLACKHOLE  | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |

| CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |

| MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |

| FEDERATED  | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |

| ARCHIVE    | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |

| MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance         | NO           | NO   | NO         |

+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show plugins;

+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+

| Name       | Status   | Type           | Library | License |

+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+

| binlog     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| partition  | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| ARCHIVE    | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| BLACKHOLE  | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| CSV        | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| FEDERATED  | DISABLED | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| MEMORY     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| InnoDB     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| MyISAM     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

| MRG_MYISAM | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL    | GPL     |

+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+

3、搞清楚这个环境是单机还是集群？

mysql> show variables like 'have_ndbcluster';

+-----------------+-------+

| Variable_name   | Value |

+-----------------+-------+

| have_ndbcluster | NO    |

+-----------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4、是否配置了REPLICATION？

show slave status\G;

show master status\G;

5、查看Mysql的日志模式，查看近期的慢查询日志和ERR日志。

mysql> show variables like 'log%';

+---------------------------------+----------------------+

| Variable_name                   | Value                |

+---------------------------------+----------------------+

| log                             | OFF                  |

| log_bin                         | ON                   |

| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                  |

| log_bin_trust_routine_creators  | OFF                  |

| log_error                       | /dir/hostname.err    |

| log_output                      | FILE                 |

| log_queries_not_using_indexes   | OFF                  |

| log_slave_updates               | OFF                  |

| log_slow_queries                | ON                   |

| log_warnings                    | 1                    |

+---------------------------------+----------------------+

6、查看Mysql当前有哪些触发器和存储过程

mysql> show triggers;

mysql> show procedure status;

7、是否支持分区，如果支持哪些使用了分区表

mysql> show variables like 'have_part%';

+-------------------+-------+

| Variable_name     | Value |

+-------------------+-------+

| have_partitioning | YES   |

+-------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.PARTITIONS where PARTITION_NAME is not null;

8、有多少用户拥有超级权限,是否有密码为空(ROOT密码默认为空)，密码为空马上处理。

mysql> select * from information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES where PRIVILEGE_TYPE='SUPER';

mysql> select host,User,Password from mysql.user where Password='';

+-------------+------+----------+

| host        | User | Password |

+-------------+------+----------+

| localhost   | root |          |

| 127.0.0.1   | root |          |

+-------------+------+----------+

mysql> delete from mysql.user where Password='';flush PRIVILEGES;

9.show processlist

执行一会show processlist，看看 Mysql 能有多少并发，一般都是什么sql。

10、更进一步,Mysql的备份方法和策略是什么？网络环境的配置是如何的？

11、跑几个性能分析报告，看看最近系统的运行状态如何，例如用mysqlreport。

OK，以上信息基本上对你新接触的这个系统有了一个大概的了解，接下来你再慢慢的深入分析，然后制订出一套符合实际情况的运维规范来。

当然，这只是个人的一些心得和体会,每个人的认识的角度是不一样的，欢迎大家继续补充完善。