python 分位数_Python分位数的计算

案例1

Ex1： Given a data = [6, 47, 49, 15, 42, 41, 7, 39, 43, 40, 36]，求Q1(25分位), Q2(50分位), Q3(75分位), IQR

Solving：

步骤：

1. 排序，从小到大排列data，data = [6, 7, 15, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49]

2. 计算分位数的位置

3. 给出分位数

分位数计算法一

pos = (n+1)*p，n为数据的总个数，p为0-1之间的值

Q1的pos = (11 + 1)*0.25 = 3 (p=0.25)      Q1=15

Q2的pos = (11 + 1)*0.5 = 6 (p=0.5)          Q2=40

Q3的pos = (11 + 1)*0.75 = 9 (p=0.75)     Q3=43

IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 28

import math

def quantile_p(data, p):

pos = (len(data) + 1)*p

#pos = 1 + (len(data)-1)*p

pos_integer = int(math.modf(pos)[1])

pos_decimal = pos - pos_integer

Q = data[pos_integer - 1] + (data[pos_integer] - data[pos_integer - 1])*pos_decimal

return Q

data = [6, 7, 15, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49]

Q1 = quantile_p(data, 0.25)

print("Q1:", Q1)

Q2 = quantile_p(data, 0.5)

print("Q2:", Q2)

Q3 = quantile_p(data, 0.75)

print("Q3:", Q3)

分位数计算法二

pos = 1+ (n-1)*p，n为数据的总个数，p为0-1之间的值

Q1的pos = 1 + (11 - 1)*0.25 = 3.5 (p=0.25)      Q1=25.5

Q2的pos = 1 + (11 - 1)*0.5 = 6 (p=0.5)             Q2=40

Q3的pos = 1 + (11 - 1)*0.75 = 8.5 (p=0.75)     Q3=42.5

import math

def quantile_p(data, p):

pos = 1 + (len(data)-1)*p

pos_integer = int(math.modf(pos)[1])

pos_decimal = pos - pos_integer

Q = data[pos_integer - 1] + (data[pos_integer] - data[pos_integer - 1])*pos_decimal

return Q

data = [6, 7, 15, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49]

Q1 = quantile_p(data, 0.25)

print("Q1:", Q1)

Q2 = quantile_p(data, 0.5)

print("Q2:", Q2)

Q3 = quantile_p(data, 0.75)

print("Q3:", Q3)

概括总结

自定义分位数python代码程序

import math

def quantile_p(data, p, method=1):

data.sort()

if method == 2:

pos = 1 + (len(data)-1)*p

else:

pos = (len(data) + 1)*p

pos_integer = int(math.modf(pos)[1])

pos_decimal = pos - pos_integer

Q = data[pos_integer - 1] + (data[pos_integer] - data[pos_integer - 1])*pos_decimal

Q1 = quantile_p(data, 0.25)

Q2 = quantile_p(data, 0.5)

Q3 = quantile_p(data, 0.75)

IQR = Q3 - Q1

return Q1, Q2, Q3, IQR

pandas中的分位数程序

Python中可以利用Numpy库来计算分位数，示例如下：

import numpy as np

a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

# 中位数

print(np.median(a))

# 25%分位数

print(np.percentile(a, 25))

# 75%分位数

print(np.percentile(a, 75))