基于SpringBoot的Web应用源码分析【上】

上篇:SpringBoot的配置文件篇

一、Web开发

1、自动配置概览

1、Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with 
most applications
翻译:
SpringBoot为SpringMVC提供了自动配置,可用于大多数应用程序


2、The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
翻译:
自动配置在Spring默认设置的基础上添加了以下功能:
包含ContentNegotingViewResolver和BeanNameViewResolver bean。


3、Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document)).
翻译:
对服务静态资源的支持,包括对WebJAR的支持(本文档后面将介绍)。


4、Support for HttpMessageConverters (covered later in this document).
翻译:
对HttpMessageConverters的支持(本文档后面将介绍)。


5、Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (covered later in this document).
翻译:
MessageCodesResolver的自动注册(本文档后面将介绍)。


6、Static index.html support
翻译:
静态index.html支持


7、Custom Favicon support (covered later in this document).
翻译:
自定义Favicon支持(本文档稍后将介绍)。


8、Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (covered later in this document).
翻译:
自动使用可配置的WebBindingInitializerbean(本文档后面将介绍)。


9、if you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc.
翻译:
如果您想保留这些Spring Boot MVC定制并进行更多MVC定制(拦截器、格式化程序、视图控制器和其他功能),您可以添加自己的WebMVCConfiguer类型的@Configuration类,但不添加@EnableWebMvc。不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用 @Configuration + WebMvcConfigurer 自定义规则


10、If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components.
翻译:
如果您想提供RequestMappingHandlerMapping、RequestMappingHandlerAdapter或ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver的自定义实例,并且仍然保留Spring Boot MVC自定义设置,那么可以声明WebMVCreRegistrations类型的bean,并使用它来提供这些组件的自定义实例。声明 WebMvcRegistrations 改变默认底层组件

11、If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration-annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc.
翻译:
如果您想完全控制SpringMVC,可以添加自己的@Configuration,并用@EnableWebMvc注释,或者添加自己的@Configuration注释的delegatingWebMVC配置,如@EnableWebMvc的Javadoc中所述。

2、静态资源规则与定制化

(1)pom 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>org.apache.springboot</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-web</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-web</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在该文件目录下存放图片:

启动主程序类,访问:http://localhost:8080/bug.jpg

说明:可以根据静态文件目录直接访问

但是,如果配置了以下参数,他就无法直接访问的,还需要追加路径名才可以访问,如下:

spring:
  mvc:
    static-path-pattern: /res/**

 当前项目 + static-path-pattern + 静态资源名 = 静态资源文件夹下找 

 访问报404错误:http://localhost:8080/bug.jpg

需要追加文件名才可以访问:http://localhost:8080/res/bug.jpg

另一种静态资源访问配置:表示改变静态资源文件

resources:
     static-locations: [classpath:/public/]

 文件目录:

(2)自动映射 

官网:https://www.webjars.org/

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.webjars.bower/jquery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>

静态资源路径:

访问地址:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js 后面地址要按照依赖里面的包路径 

3、欢迎页支持

(1)静态资源路径下 index.html

  • 可以配置静态资源路径

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>SpringBoot Web ,欢迎你</h1>
</body>
</html>

前提条件:需要把静态资源的配置注释掉,保留locations配置即可

#spring:
#  mvc:
#    static-path-pattern: /res/**
#
  resources:
     static-locations: [classpath:/public/]

 原因:controller能处理/index

访问:http://localhost:8080/

说明:但是不可以配置静态资源的访问前缀。否则导致 index.html不能被默认访问

欢迎页的处理规则

	HandlerMapping:处理器映射。保存了每一个Handler能处理哪些请求。	

	@Bean
		public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
				FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
			WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
					new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
					this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
			welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
			welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
			return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
		}

	WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
			ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
		if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
            //要用欢迎页功能,必须是/**
			logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get());
			setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
		}
		else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
            // 调用Controller  /index
			logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
			setRootViewName("index");
		}
	}

debug测试

发现它是从容器拿出来的参数有

用ctrl+n,搜索“WelcomePageHandlerMapping” debug测试

 

 

4、自定义 Favicon

spring:
#  mvc:
#    static-path-pattern: /res/**   这个会导致 Favicon 功能失效

5、静态资源配置原理

(1)SpringBoot启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类(自动配置类)

(2)SpringMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration,生效 

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

给容器中配了什么?

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
@Order(0)
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}

配置文件的相关属性和xxx进行了绑定。WebMvcProperties==spring.mvc、ResourceProperties==spring.resources

(3)配置类只有一个有参构造器

	//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
//ResourceProperties resourceProperties;获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
//WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
//ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory
//HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
//ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。=========
//DispatcherServletPath  
//ServletRegistrationBean   给应用注册Servlet、Filter....
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
				ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
				ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
				ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
				ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
			this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
			this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
			this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
			this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
			this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
			this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
			this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
		}

 有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定

ResourceProperties resourceProperties获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
WebMvcProperties mvcProperties获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
ListableBeanFactory beanFactorySpring的beanFactory
HttpMessageConverters找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer找到 资源处理器的自定义器
DispatcherServletPath
ServletRegistrationBean给应用注册Servlet、Filter....

(4)资源处理的默认规则

@Override
		public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
			if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
				logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
				return;
			}
			Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
			CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
			//webjars的规则
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
						.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
						.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
            
            //
			String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
						.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
						.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
		}

打debug测试

 表明,它是先获取这三个参数

 resourceProperties是一个构造器,我们知道构造器它会从容器中拿数据

它拿到spring.resources配置文件下绑定了配置的容器

所以,我们可以尝试配置这个参数:【默认参数为true

resources:
    add-mappings: false   禁用所有静态资源规则
     cache:
       period: 11000  #缓存时间,单位:秒

 这个参数的作用,表示禁用所有的静态资源,不管放在哪个文件目录都无法访问

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