python实现图数据结构_用Python表示图形（数据结构）

尽管这是一个有点老的问题，我想我会给任何人一个实际的答案绊倒了。

假设您将连接的输入数据作为元组列表，如下所示：[('A', 'B'), ('B', 'C'), ('B', 'D'), ('C', 'D'), ('E', 'F'), ('F', 'C')]

我发现，对于Python中的图形来说，最有用、最有效的数据结构是集合的dict。这将是我们的Graph类的底层结构。您还必须知道这些连接是弧（有向的，单向连接）还是边（无向的，双向连接）。我们将通过向Graph.__init__方法添加directed参数来处理这个问题。我们还将添加一些其他有用的方法。from collections import defaultdict

class Graph(object):

""" Graph data structure, undirected by default. """

def __init__(self, connections, directed=False):

self._graph = defaultdict(set)

self._directed = directed

self.add_connections(connections)

def add_connections(self, connections):

""" Add connections (list of tuple pairs) to graph """

for node1, node2 in connections:

self.add(node1, node2)

def add(self, node1, node2):

""" Add connection between node1 and node2 """

self._graph[node1].add(node2)

if not self._directed:

self._graph[node2].add(node1)

def remove(self, node):

""" Remove all references to node """

for n, cxns in self._graph.iteritems():

try:

cxns.remove(node)

except KeyError:

pass

try:

del self._graph[node]

except KeyError:

pass

def is_connected(self, node1, node2):

""" Is node1 directly connected to node2 """

return node1 in self._graph and node2 in self._graph[node1]

def find_path(self, node1, node2, path=[]):

""" Find any path between node1 and node2 (may not be shortest) """

path = path + [node1]

if node1 == node2:

return path

if node1 not in self._graph:

return None

for node in self._graph[node1]:

if node not in path:

new_path = self.find_path(node, node2, path)

if new_path:

return new_path

return None

def __str__(self):

return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, dict(self._graph))

我将把它作为“读者练习”来创建find_shortest_path和其他方法。

让我们看看这个在行动中。。。>>> connections = [('A', 'B'), ('B', 'C'), ('B', 'D'),

('C', 'D'), ('E', 'F'), ('F', 'C')]

>>> g = Graph(connections, directed=True)

>>> pprint(g._graph)

{'A': {'B'},

'B': {'D', 'C'},

'C': {'D'},

'E': {'F'},

'F': {'C'}}

>>> g = Graph(connections) # undirected

>>> pprint(g._graph)

{'A': {'B'},

'B': {'D', 'A', 'C'},

'C': {'D', 'F', 'B'},

'D': {'C', 'B'},

'E': {'F'},

'F': {'E', 'C'}}

>>> g.add('E', 'D')

>>> pprint(g._graph)

{'A': {'B'},

'B': {'D', 'A', 'C'},

'C': {'D', 'F', 'B'},

'D': {'C', 'E', 'B'},

'E': {'D', 'F'},

'F': {'E', 'C'}}

>>> g.remove('A')

>>> pprint(g._graph)

{'B': {'D', 'C'},

'C': {'D', 'F', 'B'},

'D': {'C', 'E', 'B'},

'E': {'D', 'F'},

'F': {'E', 'C'}}

>>> g.add('G', 'B')

>>> pprint(g._graph)

{'B': {'D', 'G', 'C'},

'C': {'D', 'F', 'B'},

'D': {'C', 'E', 'B'},

'E': {'D', 'F'},

'F': {'E', 'C'},

'G': {'B'}}

>>> g.find_path('G', 'E')

['G', 'B', 'D', 'C', 'F', 'E']