python在工厂中的运用_如何用python对工厂进行单元测试？

幸运的是，在python中，由于monkey_补丁，测试工厂很容易。不仅可以替换对象的实例，还可以替换整个类。让我们看看例子import unittest

import carfactory

from mock import Mock

def constructorMock(name):

"""Create fake constructor that returns Mock object when invoked"""

instance = Mock()

instance._name_of_parent_class = name

constructor = Mock(return_value=instance)

return constructor

class CarFactoryTest(unittest.TestCase):

def setUp():

"""Replace classes Wheel, Engine and Car with mock objects"""

carfactory.Wheel = constructorMock("Wheel")

carfactory.Engine = constructorMock("Engine")

carfactory.Car = constructorMock("Car")

def test_factory_creates_car():

"""Create car and check it has correct properties"""

factory = carfactory.CarFactory()

car_created = factory.create_car()

# Check the wheels are created with correct radii

carfactory.Wheel.assert_called_with(radius=50)

carfactory.Wheel.assert_called_with(radius=50)

carfactory.Wheel.assert_called_with(radius=60)

carfactory.Wheel.assert_called_with(radius=60)

# Check the engine is created with correct power

carfactory.Engine.assert_called_once_with(power=500)

# Check the car is created with correct engine and wheels

wheel = carfactory.Wheel.return_value

engine = carfactory.Engine.return_value

carfactory.Car.assert_called_once_with(engine, [wheel, wheel, wheel, wheel])

# Check the returned value is the car created

self.assertEqual(car_created._name_of_parent_class, "Car")

所以我们用Mock替换类及其构造函数，这将返回我们的伪实例。这使我们能够检查，构造函数是用正确的参数调用的，因此我们不需要依赖真正的类。在python中，我们不仅可以使用伪实例，还可以使用伪类。在

另外，我必须指出，上面的代码不是理想的。例如，伪构造函数应该为每个请求创建新的Mock，这样我们就可以检查调用的汽车是否使用正确的车轮(例如正确的顺序)。这是可以做到的，但代码会更长，我希望使示例尽可能简单。在

但没有必要。在