es查询语句java使用_source_常用ElasticSearch 查询语句(示例代码)

为了演示不同类型的ElasticSearch的查询，我们将使用书文档信息的集合(有以下字段：title(标题),authors(作者),summary(摘要),publish_date(发布日期)和num_reviews(浏览数))。

在这之前，首先我们应该先创建一个新的索引(index)，并批量导入一些文档：

创建索引：

PUT /bookdb_index

{"settings": { "number_of_shards": 1 }}

批量上传文档：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_bulk

{"index": { "_id": 1}}

{"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide", "authors": ["clinton gormley", "zachary tong"], "summary" : "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine", "publish_date" : "2015-02-07", "num_reviews": 20, "publisher": "oreilly"}

{"index": { "_id": 2}}

{"title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It", "authors": ["grant ingersoll", "thomas morton", "drew farris"], "summary" : "organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization", "publish_date" : "2013-01-24", "num_reviews": 12, "publisher": "manning"}

{"index": { "_id": 3}}

{"title": "Elasticsearch in Action", "authors": ["radu gheorge", "matthew lee hinman", "roy russo"], "summary" : "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms", "publish_date" : "2015-12-03", "num_reviews": 18, "publisher": "manning"}

{"index": { "_id": 4}}

{"title": "Solr in Action", "authors": ["trey grainger", "timothy potter"], "summary" : "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr", "publish_date" : "2014-04-05", "num_reviews": 23, "publisher": "manning" }

栗子：

1. 基本的匹配(Query)查询

有两种方式来执行一个全文匹配查询：

使用 Search Lite API，它从 url 中读取所有的查询参数

使用完整 JSON 作为请求体，这样你可以使用完整的 Elasticsearch DSL

下面是一个基本的匹配查询，查询任一字段包含 Guide 的记录

GET /bookdb_index/book/_search?q=guide

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.28168046,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","authors": ["clinton gormley", "zachary tong"],"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","publish_date": "2015-02-07","num_reviews": 20,"publisher": "manning"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.24144039,"_source": {"title": "Solr in Action","authors": ["trey grainger", "timothy potter"],"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","publish_date": "2014-04-05","num_reviews": 23,"publisher": "manning"}

}

]

下面是完整 Body 版本的查询，生成相同的内容：

{"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "guide","fields" : ["_all"]

}

}

}

multi_match 是 match 的作为在多个字段运行相同操作的一个速记法。fields 属性用来指定查询针对的字段，在这个例子中，我们想要对文档的所有字段进行匹配。两个 API 都允许你指定要查询的字段。例如，查询 title 字段中包含 in Action 的书：

GET /bookdb_index/book/_search?q=title:inaction

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.6259885,"_source": {"title": "Solr in Action","authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"],"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","publish_date": "2014-04-05","num_reviews": 23,"publisher": "manning"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.5975345,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch in Action","authors": ["radu gheorge","matthew lee hinman","roy russo"],"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","publish_date": "2015-12-03","num_reviews": 18,"publisher": "manning"}

}

]

然而， 完整的 DSL 给予你灵活创建更复杂查询和指定返回结果的能力(后面，我们会一一阐述)。在下面例子中，我们指定 size 限定返回的结果条数，from 指定起始位子，_source 指定要返回的字段，以及语法高亮

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"match": {"title" : "in action"}

},"size": 2,"from": 0,"_source": [ "title", "summary", "publish_date"],"highlight": {"fields": {"title": {}

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 0.9105287,"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.9105287,"_source": {"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"},"highlight": {"title": ["Elasticsearch in Action"]

}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.9105287,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"},"highlight": {"title": ["Solr in Action"]

}

}

]

}

注意：对于多个词查询，match 允许指定是否使用 and 操作符来取代默认的 or 操作符。你还可以指定 mininum_should_match 选项来调整返回结果的相关程度。具体看后面的例子。

2. 多字段(Multi-filed)查询

正如我们已经看到来的，为了根据多个字段检索(e.g. 在 title 和 summary 字段都是相同的查询字符串的结果)，你可以使用 multi_match 语句

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "elasticsearch guide","fields": ["title", "summary"]

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 0.9448582,"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.9448582,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","authors": ["clinton gormley","zachary tong"],"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","publish_date": "2015-02-07","num_reviews": 20,"publisher": "manning"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.17312013,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch in Action","authors": ["radu gheorge","matthew lee hinman","roy russo"],"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","publish_date": "2015-12-03","num_reviews": 18,"publisher": "manning"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.14965448,"_source": {"title": "Solr in Action","authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"],"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","publish_date": "2014-04-05","num_reviews": 23,"publisher": "manning"}

}

]

}

注：第三条被匹配，因为 guide 在 summary 字段中被找到。

3. Boosting

由于我们是多个字段查询，我们可能需要提高某一个字段的分值。在下面的例子中，我们把 summary 字段的分数提高三倍，为了提升 summary 字段的重要度；因此，我们把文档 4 的相关度提高了。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "elasticsearch guide","fields": ["title", "summary^3"]

}

},"_source": ["title", "summary", "publish_date"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.31495273,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.14965448,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.13094766,"_source": {"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

}

]

注：提升不是简简单单通过提升因子把计算分数加成。实际的 boost 值通过归一化和一些内部优化给出的。相关信息请见 Elasticsearch guide

4. Bool 查询

为了提供更相关或者特定的结果，AND/OR/NOT 操作符可以用来调整我们的查询。它是以 布尔查询 的方式来实现的。布尔查询 接受如下参数：

must 等同于 AND

must_not 等同于 NOT

should 等同于 OR

打比方，如果我想要查询这样类型的书：书名包含 ElasticSearch 或者(OR) Solr，并且(AND)它的作者是 Clinton Gormley 不是(NOT)Radu Gheorge

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"bool": {"must": {"bool" : { "should": [

{"match": { "title": "Elasticsearch"}},

{"match": { "title": "Solr"}} ] }

},"must": { "match": { "authors": "clinton gormely"}},"must_not": { "match": {"authors": "radu gheorge"}}

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.3672021,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","authors": ["clinton gormley","zachary tong"],"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","publish_date": "2015-02-07","num_reviews": 20,"publisher": "oreilly"}

}

]

注：正如你所看到的，布尔查询 可以包装任何其他查询类型，包括其他布尔查询，以创建任意复杂或深度嵌套的查询。

5. 模糊(Fuzzy)查询

在进行匹配和多项匹配时，可以启用模糊匹配来捕捉拼写错误，模糊度是基于原始单词的编辑距离来指定的。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "comprihensiv guide","fields": ["title", "summary"],"fuzziness": "AUTO"}

},"_source": ["title", "summary", "publish_date"],"size": 1}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.5961596,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

}

]

注：当术语长度大于 5 个字符时，AUTO 的模糊值等同于指定值 “2”。但是，80％ 拼写错误的编辑距离为 1，所以，将模糊值设置为 1 可能会提高您的整体搜索性能。更多详细信息，请参阅Elasticsearch指南中的“排版和拼写错误”(Typos and Misspellings)。

6. 通配符(Wildcard)查询

通配符查询 允许你指定匹配的模式，而不是整个术语。

？ 匹配任何字符

* 匹配零个或多个字符。

例如，要查找名称以字母’t’开头的所有作者的记录：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"wildcard": {"authors" : "t*"}

},"_source": ["title", "authors"],"highlight": {"fields": {"authors": {}

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","authors": ["clinton gormley","zachary tong"]

},"highlight": {"authors": ["zachary tong"]

}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 1,"_source": {"title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","authors": ["grant ingersoll","thomas morton","drew farris"]

},"highlight": {"authors": ["thomas morton"]

}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 1,"_source": {"title": "Solr in Action","authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"]

},"highlight": {"authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"]

}

}

]

7. 正则(Regexp)查询

正则查询 让你可以使用比 通配符查询 更复杂的模式进行查询：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"regexp": {"authors" : "t[a-z]*y"}

},"_source": ["title", "authors"],"highlight": {"fields": {"authors": {}

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 1,"_source": {"title": "Solr in Action","authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"]

},"highlight": {"authors": ["trey grainger","timothy potter"]

}

}

]

8. 短语匹配(Match Phrase)查询

短语匹配查询 要求在请求字符串中的所有查询项必须都在文档中存在，文中顺序也得和请求字符串一致，且彼此相连。默认情况下，查询项之间必须紧密相连，但可以设置 slop 值来指定查询项之间可以分隔多远的距离，结果仍将被当作一次成功的匹配。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "search engine","fields": ["title", "summary"],"type": "phrase","slop": 3}

},"_source": [ "title", "summary", "publish_date"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.22327082,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.16113183,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

}

]

注：在上述例子中，对于非整句类型的查询，_id 为 1 的文档一般会比 _id 为 4 的文档得分高，结果位置也更靠前，因为它的字段长度较短，但是对于 短语匹配类型 查询，由于查询项之间的接近程度是一个计算因素，因此 _id 为 4 的文档得分更高。

9. 短语前缀(Match Phrase Prefix)查询

短语前缀式查询 能够进行 即时搜索(search-as-you-type) 类型的匹配，或者说提供一个查询时的初级自动补全功能，无需以任何方式准备你的数据。和 match_phrase 查询类似，它接收slop 参数(用来调整单词顺序和不太严格的相对位置)和 max_expansions 参数(用来限制查询项的数量，降低对资源需求的强度)。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"match_phrase_prefix": {"summary": {"query": "search en","slop": 3,"max_expansions": 10}

}

},"_source": [ "title", "summary", "publish_date"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.5161346,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.37248808,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

}

]

注：采用 查询时即时搜索 具有较大的性能成本。更好的解决方案是采用 索引时即时搜索。更多信息，请查看 自动补齐接口(Completion Suggester API) 或 边缘分词器(Edge-Ngram filters)的用法。

10. 查询字符串(Query String)

查询字符串 类型(query_string)的查询提供了一个方法，用简洁的简写语法来执行 多匹配查询、 布尔查询 、 提权查询、 模糊查询、 通配符查询、 正则查询 和范围查询。下面的例子中，我们在那些作者是 “grant ingersoll” 或 “tom morton” 的某本书当中，使用查询项 “search algorithm” 进行一次模糊查询，搜索全部字段，但给 summary 的权重提升 2 倍。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"query_string": {"query": "(saerch~1 algorithm~1) AND (grant ingersoll) OR (tom morton)","fields": ["_all", "summary^2"]

}

},"_source": [ "title", "summary", "authors"],"highlight": {"fields": {"summary": {}

}

}

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 0.14558059,"_source": {"summary": "organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization","title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","authors": ["grant ingersoll","thomas morton","drew farris"]

},"highlight": {"summary": ["organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization"]

}

}

]

11. 简单查询字符串(Simple Query String)

简单请求字符串 类型(simple_query_string)的查询是请求字符串类型(query_string)查询的一个版本，它更适合那种仅暴露给用户一个简单搜索框的场景；因为它用 +/|/- 分别替换了 AND/OR/NOT，并且自动丢弃了请求中无效的部分，不会在用户出错时，抛出异常。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"simple_query_string": {"query": "(saerch~1 algorithm~1) + (grant ingersoll) | (tom morton)","fields": ["_all", "summary^2"]

}

},"_source": [ "title", "summary", "authors"],"highlight": {"fields": {"summary": {}

}

}

}

12. 词条(Term)/多词条(Terms)查询

以上例子均为 full-text(全文检索) 的示例。有时我们对结构化查询更感兴趣，希望得到更准确的匹配并返回结果，词条查询 和 多词条查询 可帮我们实现。在下面的例子中，我们要在索引中找到所有由 Manning 出版的图书。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"term": {"publisher": "manning"}

},"_source" : ["title","publish_date","publisher"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 1.2231436,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","publish_date": "2013-01-24"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 1.2231436,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 1.2231436,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

}

]

可使用词条关键字来指定多个词条，将搜索项用数组传入。

13. 词条(Term)查询 - 排序(Sorted)

词条查询 的结果(和其他查询结果一样)可以被轻易排序，多级排序也被允许：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"term": {"publisher": "manning"}

},"_source" : ["title","publish_date","publisher"],"sort": [

{"publish_date": {"order":"desc"}},

{"title": { "order": "desc"}}

]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": null,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"},"sort": [1449100800000,"in"]

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": null,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"},"sort": [1396656000000,"solr"]

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": null,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","publish_date": "2013-01-24"},"sort": [1358985600000,"to"]

}

]

14. 范围查询

另一个结构化查询的例子是 范围查询。在这个例子中，我们要查找 2015 年出版的书。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"range": {"publish_date": {"gte": "2015-01-01","lte": "2015-12-31"}

}

},"_source" : ["title","publish_date","publisher"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"publisher": "oreilly","title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 1,"_source": {"publisher": "manning","title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

}

]

注：范围查询 用于日期、数字和字符串类型的字段。

15. 过滤(Filtered)查询

过滤查询允许你可以过滤查询结果。对于我们的例子中，要在标题或摘要中检索一些书，查询项为 Elasticsearch，但我们又想筛出那些仅有 20 个以上评论的。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"filtered": {"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "elasticsearch","fields": ["title","summary"]

}

},"filter": {"range": {"num_reviews": {"gte": 20}

}

}

}

},"_source" : ["title","summary","publisher", "num_reviews"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.5955761,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","publisher": "oreilly","num_reviews": 20,"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide"}

}

]

注：过滤查询 并不强制它作用于其上的查询必须存在。如果未指定查询，match_all 基本上会返回索引内的全部文档。实际上，过滤只在第一次运行，以减少所需的查询面积，并且，在第一次使用后过滤会被缓存，大大提高了性能。

更新：过滤查询 将在 ElasticSearch 5 中移除，使用 布尔查询 替代。 下面有个例子使用 布尔查询 重写上面的例子：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"bool": {"must": {"multi_match": {"query": "elasticsearch","fields": ["title","summary"]

}

},"filter": {"range": {"num_reviews": {"gte": 20}

}

}

}

},"_source" : ["title","summary","publisher", "num_reviews"]

}

在后续的例子中，我们将会把它使用在 多重过滤 中。

16. 多重过滤(Multiple Filters)

多重过滤 可以结合 布尔查询 使用，下一个例子中，过滤查询决定只返回那些包含至少20条评论，且必须在 2015 年前出版，且由 O’Reilly 出版的结果。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"filtered": {"query": {"multi_match": {"query": "elasticsearch","fields": ["title","summary"]

}

},"filter": {"bool": {"must": {"range" : { "num_reviews": { "gte": 20} }

},"must_not": {"range" : { "publish_date": { "lte": "2014-12-31"} }

},"should": {"term": { "publisher": "oreilly"}

}

}

}

}

},"_source" : ["title","summary","publisher", "num_reviews", "publish_date"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.5955761,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","publisher": "oreilly","num_reviews": 20,"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

}

]

17. 作用分值: 域值(Field Value)因子

也许在某种情况下，你想把文档中的某个特定域作为计算相关性分值的一个因素，比较典型的场景是你想根据普及程度来提高一个文档的相关性。在我们的示例中，我们想把最受欢迎的书(基于评论数判断)的权重进行提高，可使用 field_value_factor 用以影响分值。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"function_score": {"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "search engine","fields": ["title", "summary"]

}

},"field_value_factor": {"field" : "num_reviews","modifier": "log1p","factor" : 2}

}

},"_source": ["title", "summary", "publish_date", "num_reviews"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.44831306,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","num_reviews": 20,"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.3718407,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","num_reviews": 23,"title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.046479136,"_source": {"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","num_reviews": 18,"title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 0.041432835,"_source": {"summary": "organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization","num_reviews": 12,"title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","publish_date": "2013-01-24"}

}

]

注1: 我们可能刚运行了一个常规的 multi_match (多匹配)查询，并对 num_reviews 域进行了排序，这让我们失去了评估相关性分值的好处。

注2: 有大量的附加参数可用来调整提升原始相关性分值效果的程度，比如 modifier, factor, boost_mode 等等，至于细节可在 Elasticsearch 指南中探索。

18. 作用分值: 衰变(Decay)函数

假设不想使用域值做递增提升，而你有一个理想目标值，并希望用这个加权因子来对这个离你较远的目标值进行衰减。有个典型的用途是基于经纬度、价格或日期等数值域的提升。在如下的例子中，我们查找在2014年6月左右出版的，查询项是 search engines 的书。

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"function_score": {"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "search engine","fields": ["title", "summary"]

}

},"functions": [

{"exp": {"publish_date": {"origin": "2014-06-15","offset": "7d","scale" : "30d"}

}

}

],"boost_mode" : "replace"}

},"_source": ["title", "summary", "publish_date", "num_reviews"]

}

[Results]"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.27420625,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","num_reviews": 23,"title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.005920768,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","num_reviews": 20,"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 0.000011564,"_source": {"summary": "organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization","num_reviews": 12,"title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","publish_date": "2013-01-24"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.0000059171475,"_source": {"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","num_reviews": 18,"title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

}

]

19. 函数分值: 脚本评分

当内置的评分函数无法满足你的需求时，还可以用 Groovy 脚本。在我们的例子中，想要指定一个脚本，能在决定把 num_reviews 的因子计算多少之前，先将 publish_date 考虑在内。因为很新的书也许不会有评论，分值不应该被惩罚。

评分脚本如下：

publish_date = doc[‘publish_date‘].value

num_reviews= doc[‘num_reviews‘].valueif (publish_date > Date.parse(‘yyyy-MM-dd‘, threshold).getTime()) {

my_score= Math.log(2.5 +num_reviews)

}else{

my_score= Math.log(1 +num_reviews)

}return my_score

在 script_score 参数内动态调用评分脚本：

POST /bookdb_index/book/_search

{"query": {"function_score": {"query": {"multi_match": {"query" : "search engine","fields": ["title", "summary"]

}

},"functions": [

{"script_score": {"params": {"threshold": "2015-07-30"},"script": "publish_date = doc[‘publish_date‘].value; num_reviews = doc[‘num_reviews‘].value; if (publish_date > Date.parse(‘yyyy-MM-dd‘, threshold).getTime()) { return log(2.5 + num_reviews) }; return log(1 + num_reviews);"}

}

]

}

},"_source": ["title", "summary", "publish_date", "num_reviews"]

}

[Results]"hits": {"total": 4,"max_score": 0.8463001,"hits": [

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "1","_score": 0.8463001,"_source": {"summary": "A distibuted real-time search and analytics engine","num_reviews": 20,"title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide","publish_date": "2015-02-07"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "4","_score": 0.7067348,"_source": {"summary": "Comprehensive guide to implementing a scalable search engine using Apache Solr","num_reviews": 23,"title": "Solr in Action","publish_date": "2014-04-05"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "3","_score": 0.08952084,"_source": {"summary": "build scalable search applications using Elasticsearch without having to do complex low-level programming or understand advanced data science algorithms","num_reviews": 18,"title": "Elasticsearch in Action","publish_date": "2015-12-03"}

},

{"_index": "bookdb_index","_type": "book","_id": "2","_score": 0.07602123,"_source": {"summary": "organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization","num_reviews": 12,"title": "Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It","publish_date": "2013-01-24"}

}

]

}

注1: 要在 Elasticsearch 实例中使用动态脚本，必须在 config/elasticsearch.yaml 文件中启用它；也可以使用存储在 Elasticsearch 服务器上的脚本。建议看看 Elasticsearch 指南文档获取更多信息。

注2: 因 JSON 不能包含嵌入式换行符，请使用分号来分割语句。