python做爬虫帮忙统计_python实现爬虫统计学校BBS男女比例之多线程爬虫（二）

接着第一篇继续学习。

一、数据分类

正确数据：id、性别、活动时间三者都有

放在这个文件里file1 = 'ruisi\\correct%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

数据格式为293001 男 2015-5-1 19:17

没有时间：有id、有性别，无活动时间

放这个文件里file2 = 'ruisi\\errTime%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

数据格式为2566 女 notime

用户不存在：该id没有对应的用户

放这个文件里file3 = 'ruisi\\notexist%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

数据格式为29005 notexist

未知性别：有id，但是性别从网页上无法得知(经检查，这种情况也没有活动时间)

放这个文件里 file4 = 'ruisi\\unkownsex%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

数据格式 221794 unkownsex

网络错误：网断了，或者服务器故障，需要对这些id重新检查

放这个文件里 file5 = 'ruisi\\httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

数据格式 271004 httperror

如何不间断得爬虫信息

本项目有一个考虑：是不间断爬取信息，如果因为断网、BBS服务器故障啥的，我的爬虫程序就退出的话。那我们还得从间断的地方继续爬，或者更麻烦的是从头开始爬。

所以，我采取的方法是，如果遇到故障，就把这些异常的id记录下来。等一次遍历之后，才对这些异常的id进行重新爬取性别。

本文系列(一)给出了一个 getInfo(myurl, seWord)，通过给定链接和给定正则表达式爬取信息。

这个函数可以用来查看性别的最后活动时间信息。

我们再定义一个安全的爬取函数，不会间断程序运行的，这儿用到try except异常处理。

这儿代码试了两次getInfo(myurl, seWord),如果第2次还是抛出异常了，就把这个id保存在file5里面

如果能获取到信息，就返回信息

file5 = 'ruisi\\httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

def safeGet(myid, myurl, seWord):

try:

return getInfo(myurl, seWord)

except:

try:

return getInfo(myurl, seWord)

except:

httperrorfile = open(file5, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (myid, 'httperror')

httperrorfile.write(info)

httperrorfile.close()

return 'httperror'

依次遍历，获取id从[1,300,000]的用户信息

我们定义一个函数，这儿的思路是获取sex和time，如果有sex，进而继续判断是否有time；如果没sex，判断是否这个用户不存在还是性别无法爬取。

其中要考虑到断网或者BBS服务器故障的情况。

url1 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s'

url2 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s&do=profile'

def searchWeb(idArr):

for id in idArr:

sexUrl = url1 % (id) #将%s替换为id

timeUrl = url2 % (id)

sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe)

if not sex: #如果sexUrl里面找不到性别，在timeUrl再尝试找一下

sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe)

time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe)

#如果出现了httperror，需要重新爬取

if (sex is 'httperror') or (time is 'httperror') :

pass

else:

if sex:

info = '%d %s' % (id, sex)

if time:

info = '%s %s\n' % (info, time)

wfile = open(file1, 'a')

wfile.write(info)

wfile.close()

else:

info = '%s %s\n' % (info, 'notime')

errtimefile = open(file2, 'a')

errtimefile.write(info)

errtimefile.close()

else:

#这儿是性别是None，然后确定一下是不是用户不存在

#断网的时候加上这个，会导致4个重复httperror

#可能用户的性别我们无法知道，他没有填写

notexist = safeGet(id,sexUrl, notexistRe)

if notexist is 'httperror':

pass

else:

if notexist:

notexistfile = open(file3, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (id, 'notexist')

notexistfile.write(info)

notexistfile.close()

else:

unkownsexfile = open(file4, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (id, 'unkownsex')

unkownsexfile.write(info)

unkownsexfile.close()

这儿后期检查发现了一个问题

sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe)

if not sex:

sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe)

time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe)

这个代码如果断网的时候，调用了3次safeGet，每次调用都会往文本里面同一个id写多次httperror

251538 httperror

251538 httperror

251538 httperror

251538 httperror

多线程爬取信息？

数据统计可以用多线程，因为是独立的多个文本

1、Popen介绍

使用Popen可以自定义标准输入、标准输出和标准错误输出。我在SAP实习的时候，项目组在linux平台下经常使用Popen，可能是因为可以方便重定向输出。

下面这段代码借鉴了以前项目组的实现方法，Popen可以调用系统cmd命令。下面3个communicate()连在一起表示要等这3个线程都结束。

疑惑？

试验了一下，必须3个communicate()紧挨着才能保证3个线程同时开启，最后等待3个线程都结束。

p1=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s0),str(s1)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

p2=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s1),str(s2)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

p3=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s2),str(s3)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

p1.communicate()

p2.communicate()

p3.communicate()

2、定义一个单线程的爬虫

用法：python ruisi.py

这段代码就是爬取[startNum, endNum)信息，输出到相应的文本里。它是一个单线程的程序，若要实现多线程的话，在外部调用它的地方实现多线程。

# ruisi.py

# coding=utf-8

import urllib2, re, sys, threading, time,thread

# myurl as 指定链接

# seWord as 正则表达式，用unicode表示

# 返回根据正则表达式匹配的信息或者None

def getInfo(myurl, seWord):

headers = {

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'

}

req = urllib2.Request(

url=myurl,

headers=headers

)

time.sleep(0.3)

response = urllib2.urlopen(req)

html = response.read()

html = unicode(html, 'utf-8')

timeMatch = seWord.search(html)

if timeMatch:

s = timeMatch.groups()

return s[0]

else:

return None

#尝试两次getInfo()

#第2次失败后，就把这个id标记为httperror

def safeGet(myid, myurl, seWord):

try:

return getInfo(myurl, seWord)

except:

try:

return getInfo(myurl, seWord)

except:

httperrorfile = open(file5, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (myid, 'httperror')

httperrorfile.write(info)

httperrorfile.close()

return 'httperror'

#输出一个 idArr 范围，比如[1,1001)

def searchWeb(idArr):

for id in idArr:

sexUrl = url1 % (id)

timeUrl = url2 % (id)

sex = safeGet(id,sexUrl, sexRe)

if not sex:

sex = safeGet(id,timeUrl, sexRe)

time = safeGet(id,timeUrl, timeRe)

if (sex is 'httperror') or (time is 'httperror') :

pass

else:

if sex:

info = '%d %s' % (id, sex)

if time:

info = '%s %s\n' % (info, time)

wfile = open(file1, 'a')

wfile.write(info)

wfile.close()

else:

info = '%s %s\n' % (info, 'notime')

errtimefile = open(file2, 'a')

errtimefile.write(info)

errtimefile.close()

else:

notexist = safeGet(id,sexUrl, notexistRe)

if notexist is 'httperror':

pass

else:

if notexist:

notexistfile = open(file3, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (id, 'notexist')

notexistfile.write(info)

notexistfile.close()

else:

unkownsexfile = open(file4, 'a')

info = '%d %s\n' % (id, 'unkownsex')

unkownsexfile.write(info)

unkownsexfile.close()

def main():

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

if len(sys.argv) != 3:

print 'usage: python ruisi.py '

sys.exit(-1)

global sexRe,timeRe,notexistRe,url1,url2,file1,file2,file3,file4,startNum,endNum,file5

startNum=int(sys.argv[1])

endNum=int(sys.argv[2])

sexRe = re.compile(u'em>\u6027\u522b(.*?)

timeRe = re.compile(u'em>\u4e0a\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4(.*?)

notexistRe = re.compile(u'(p>)\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728

url1 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s'

url2 = 'http://rs.xidian.edu.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=%s&do=profile'

file1 = '..\\newRuisi\\correct%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

file2 = '..\\newRuisi\\errTime%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

file3 = '..\\newRuisi\\notexist%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

file4 = '..\\newRuisi\\unkownsex%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

file5 = '..\\newRuisi\\httperror%s-%s.txt' % (startNum, endNum)

searchWeb(xrange(startNum,endNum))

# numThread = 10

# searchWeb(xrange(endNum))

# total = 0

# for i in xrange(numThread):

# data = xrange(1+i,endNum,numThread)

# total =+ len(data)

# t=threading.Thread(target=searchWeb,args=(data,))

# t.start()

# print total

main()

多线程爬虫

代码

# coding=utf-8

from subprocess import Popen

import subprocess

import threading,time

startn = 1

endn = 300001

step =1000

total = (endn - startn + 1 ) /step

ISOTIMEFORMAT='%Y-%m-%d %X'

#hardcode 3 threads

#沒有深究3个线程好还是4或者更多个线程好

#输出格式化的年月日时分秒

#输出程序的耗时(以秒为单位)

for i in xrange(0,total,3):

startNumber = startn + step * i

startTime = time.clock()

s0 = startNumber

s1 = startNumber + step

s2 = startNumber + step*2

s3 = startNumber + step*3

p1=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s0),str(s1)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

p2=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s1),str(s2)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

p3=Popen(['python', 'ruisi.py', str(s2),str(s3)],bufsize=10000, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

startftime ='[ '+ time.strftime( ISOTIMEFORMAT, time.localtime() ) + ' ] '

print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s0, s1)

print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s1, s2)

print startftime + '%s - %s download start... ' %(s2, s3)

p1.communicate()

p2.communicate()

p3.communicate()

endftime = '[ '+ time.strftime( ISOTIMEFORMAT, time.localtime() ) + ' ] '

print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s0, s1)

print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s1, s2)

print endftime + '%s - %s download end !!! ' %(s2, s3)

endTime = time.clock()

print "cost time " + str(endTime - startTime) + " s"

time.sleep(5)

这儿是记录时间戳的日志：

"D:\Program Files\Python27\python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py

[ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 1 - 1001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 1001 - 2001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 11:31:15 ] 2001 - 3001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 1 - 1001 download end !!!

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 1001 - 2001 download end !!!

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:44 ] 2001 - 3001 download end !!!

cost time 1348.99480677 s

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 3001 - 4001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 4001 - 5001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 11:53:50 ] 5001 - 6001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 3001 - 4001 download end !!!

[ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 4001 - 5001 download end !!!

[ 2015-11-23 12:16:56 ] 5001 - 6001 download end !!!

cost time 1386.06407734 s

[ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 6001 - 7001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 7001 - 8001 download start...

[ 2015-11-23 12:17:01 ] 8001 - 9001 download start...

上面是多线程的Log记录，从下面可以看出，1000个用户平均需要500s，一个id需要0.5s。500*300/3600 = 41.666666666667小时，大概需要两天的时间。

我们再试验一次单线程爬虫的耗时，记录如下:

"D:\Program Files\Python27\python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py

1 - 1001 download start...

1 - 1001 download end !!!

cost time 1583.65911889 s

1001 - 2001 download start...

1001 - 2001 download end !!!

cost time 1342.46874278 s

2001 - 3001 download start...

2001 - 3001 download end !!!

cost time 1327.10885725 s

3001 - 4001 download start...

我们发现一次线程爬取1000个用户耗时的时间也需要1500s，而多线程程序是3*1000个用户耗时1500s。

故多线程确实能比单线程省很多时间。

Note:在getInfo(myurl, seWord)里有time.sleep(0.3)这样一段代码，是为了防止批判访问BBS，而被BBS拒绝访问。这个0.3s对于上文多线程和单线程的统计时间有影响。

最后附上原始的，没有带时间戳的记录。(加上时间戳，可以知道程序什么时候开始爬虫的，以应对线程卡死情况。)

"D:\Program Files\Python27\python.exe" E:/pythonProject/webCrawler/sum.py

1 - 1001 download start...

1001 - 2001 download start...

2001 - 3001 download start...

1 - 1001 download end !!!

1001 - 2001 download end !!!

2001 - 3001 download end !!!

cost time 1532.74102812 s

3001 - 4001 download start...

4001 - 5001 download start...

5001 - 6001 download start...

3001 - 4001 download end !!!

4001 - 5001 download end !!!

5001 - 6001 download end !!!

cost time 2652.01624951 s

6001 - 7001 download start...

7001 - 8001 download start...

8001 - 9001 download start...

6001 - 7001 download end !!!

7001 - 8001 download end !!!

8001 - 9001 download end !!!

cost time 1880.61513696 s

9001 - 10001 download start...

10001 - 11001 download start...

11001 - 12001 download start...

9001 - 10001 download end !!!

10001 - 11001 download end !!!

11001 - 12001 download end !!!

cost time 1634.40575553 s

12001 - 13001 download start...

13001 - 14001 download start...

14001 - 15001 download start...

12001 - 13001 download end !!!

13001 - 14001 download end !!!

14001 - 15001 download end !!!

cost time 1403.62795496 s

15001 - 16001 download start...

16001 - 17001 download start...

17001 - 18001 download start...

15001 - 16001 download end !!!

16001 - 17001 download end !!!

17001 - 18001 download end !!!

cost time 1271.42177906 s

18001 - 19001 download start...

19001 - 20001 download start...

20001 - 21001 download start...

18001 - 19001 download end !!!

19001 - 20001 download end !!!

20001 - 21001 download end !!!

cost time 1476.04122024 s

21001 - 22001 download start...

22001 - 23001 download start...

23001 - 24001 download start...

21001 - 22001 download end !!!

22001 - 23001 download end !!!

23001 - 24001 download end !!!

cost time 1431.37074164 s

24001 - 25001 download start...

25001 - 26001 download start...

26001 - 27001 download start...

24001 - 25001 download end !!!

25001 - 26001 download end !!!

26001 - 27001 download end !!!

cost time 1411.45186874 s

27001 - 28001 download start...

28001 - 29001 download start...

29001 - 30001 download start...

27001 - 28001 download end !!!

28001 - 29001 download end !!!

29001 - 30001 download end !!!

cost time 1396.88837788 s

30001 - 31001 download start...

31001 - 32001 download start...

32001 - 33001 download start...

30001 - 31001 download end !!!

31001 - 32001 download end !!!

32001 - 33001 download end !!!

cost time 1389.01316718 s

33001 - 34001 download start...

34001 - 35001 download start...

35001 - 36001 download start...

33001 - 34001 download end !!!

34001 - 35001 download end !!!

35001 - 36001 download end !!!

cost time 1318.16040825 s

36001 - 37001 download start...

37001 - 38001 download start...

38001 - 39001 download start...

36001 - 37001 download end !!!

37001 - 38001 download end !!!

38001 - 39001 download end !!!

cost time 1362.59222822 s

39001 - 40001 download start...

40001 - 41001 download start...

41001 - 42001 download start...

39001 - 40001 download end !!!

40001 - 41001 download end !!!

41001 - 42001 download end !!!

cost time 1253.62498539 s

42001 - 43001 download start...

43001 - 44001 download start...

44001 - 45001 download start...

42001 - 43001 download end !!!

43001 - 44001 download end !!!

44001 - 45001 download end !!!

cost time 1313.50461988 s

45001 - 46001 download start...

46001 - 47001 download start...

47001 - 48001 download start...

45001 - 46001 download end !!!

46001 - 47001 download end !!!

47001 - 48001 download end !!!

cost time 1322.32317331 s

48001 - 49001 download start...

49001 - 50001 download start...

50001 - 51001 download start...

48001 - 49001 download end !!!

49001 - 50001 download end !!!

50001 - 51001 download end !!!

cost time 1381.58027296 s

51001 - 52001 download start...

52001 - 53001 download start...

53001 - 54001 download start...

51001 - 52001 download end !!!

52001 - 53001 download end !!!

53001 - 54001 download end !!!

cost time 1357.78699459 s

54001 - 55001 download start...

55001 - 56001 download start...

56001 - 57001 download start...

54001 - 55001 download end !!!

55001 - 56001 download end !!!

56001 - 57001 download end !!!

cost time 1359.76377246 s

57001 - 58001 download start...

58001 - 59001 download start...

59001 - 60001 download start...

57001 - 58001 download end !!!

58001 - 59001 download end !!!

59001 - 60001 download end !!!

cost time 1335.47829775 s

60001 - 61001 download start...

61001 - 62001 download start...

62001 - 63001 download start...

60001 - 61001 download end !!!

61001 - 62001 download end !!!

62001 - 63001 download end !!!

cost time 1354.82727645 s

63001 - 64001 download start...

64001 - 65001 download start...

65001 - 66001 download start...

63001 - 64001 download end !!!

64001 - 65001 download end !!!

65001 - 66001 download end !!!

cost time 1260.54731607 s

66001 - 67001 download start...

67001 - 68001 download start...

68001 - 69001 download start...

66001 - 67001 download end !!!

67001 - 68001 download end !!!

68001 - 69001 download end !!!

cost time 1363.58255686 s

69001 - 70001 download start...

70001 - 71001 download start...

71001 - 72001 download start...

69001 - 70001 download end !!!

70001 - 71001 download end !!!

71001 - 72001 download end !!!

cost time 1354.17163074 s

72001 - 73001 download start...

73001 - 74001 download start...

74001 - 75001 download start...

72001 - 73001 download end !!!

73001 - 74001 download end !!!

74001 - 75001 download end !!!

cost time 1335.00425259 s

75001 - 76001 download start...

76001 - 77001 download start...

77001 - 78001 download start...

75001 - 76001 download end !!!

76001 - 77001 download end !!!

77001 - 78001 download end !!!

cost time 1360.44054978 s

78001 - 79001 download start...

79001 - 80001 download start...

80001 - 81001 download start...

78001 - 79001 download end !!!

79001 - 80001 download end !!!

80001 - 81001 download end !!!

cost time 1369.72662457 s

81001 - 82001 download start...

82001 - 83001 download start...

83001 - 84001 download start...

81001 - 82001 download end !!!

82001 - 83001 download end !!!

83001 - 84001 download end !!!

cost time 1369.95550676 s

84001 - 85001 download start...

85001 - 86001 download start...

86001 - 87001 download start...

84001 - 85001 download end !!!

85001 - 86001 download end !!!

86001 - 87001 download end !!!

cost time 1482.53886433 s

87001 - 88001 download start...

88001 - 89001 download start...

89001 - 90001 download start...

以上就是关于python实现爬虫统计学校BBS男女比例的第二篇，重点介绍了多线程爬虫，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。