mysql多实例管理_mysql多实例的配置和管理

多实例mysql的安装和管理

mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现,两种方式各有利弊。

第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例,这种方式的优势逻辑简单,配置简单,缺点是管理起来不太方便。

第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例,这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面,优点是管理起来很方便,集中管理。

下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理

先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况:

环境介绍:

mysql 版本:5.1.50

操作系统:SUSE 11

mysql实例数:3个

实例占用端口分别为:3306、3307、3308

创建mysql用户

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

编译安装mysql

点击(此处)折叠或打开

tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.1.50

./configure '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=complex' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-ssl' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive' '--enable-shared' '--enable-assembler'

make

make install

初始化数据库

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

创建配置文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf

3306的配置文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

port = 3306

socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 256M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 512M

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_buffer = 8M

write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]

open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf

3307的配置文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

[client]

port = 3307

socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

port = 3307

socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 256M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 512M

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_buffer = 8M

write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]

open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf

3308的配置文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

[client]

port = 3308

socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

port = 3308

socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 256M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 512M

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_buffer = 8M

write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]

open-files-limit = 8192

创建自动启动文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld

3306的启动文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

#!/bin/bash

mysql_port=3306

mysql_username="admin"

mysql_password="password"

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql;;

kill)

function_kill_mysql;;

restart)

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql;;

*)

echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;

esac

vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld

3307的启动文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

#!/bin/bash

mysql_port=3307

mysql_username="admin"

mysql_password="password"

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql;;

kill)

function_kill_mysql;;

restart)

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql;;

*)

echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;

esac

vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld

3308的启动文件如下:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

#!/bin/bash

mysql_port=3308

mysql_username="admin"

mysql_password="password"

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql;;

kill)

function_kill_mysql;;

restart)

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql;;

*)

echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;

esac

启动3306、3307、3308的mysql

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start

/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start

/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

更改原来密码(处于安全考虑,还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号,这里省略了):

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限,mysqld脚本要用到!

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了!

更改环境变量

点击(此处)折叠或打开

vim /etc/profile 添加下面一行内容

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动

点击(此处)折叠或打开

vim /etc/init.d/boot.local

/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start

/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start

/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话,在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock,如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别!

再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战:

这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样,就不再赘述。

mysqld_multi的配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

点击(此处)折叠或打开

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

user = admin

password = password

[mysqld1]

socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock

port = 3306

pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid

datadir = /data/dbdata_3306

user = mysql

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqld2]

socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock

port = 3307

pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid

datadir = /data/dbdata_3307

user = mysql

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqld3]

socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

port = 3308

pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid

datadir = /data/dbdata_3308

user = mysql

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

innodb_file_per_table=1

back_log = 50

max_connections = 300

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 2048

max_allowed_packet = 16M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 64

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 64M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

default-storage-engine = innodb

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

tmp_table_size = 64M

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

slow_query_log

long_query_time = 1

server-id = 1

key_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 8

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 256M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 512M

sort_buffer_size = 512M

read_buffer = 8M

write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]

open-files-limit = 8192

mysqld_multi启动

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3

或者采用一条命令的形式:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

更改原来密码(处于安全考虑,还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号,这里省略了):

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

flush privileges;

更改环境变量

点击(此处)折叠或打开

vim /etc/profile

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动

点击(此处)折叠或打开

vim /etc/init.d/boot.local

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话,在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock,如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别!

大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器,管理器来会比较方面,限于篇幅,这里就不在多做介绍!

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