问题导读
1.什么是Phoenix？
2.有了Hive和Impala，为何使用Phoenix？
3.TABLE 跟 VIEW 有什么区别？
声明
本文基于 Centos6.x + CDH5.x什么是PhoenixPhoenix的团队用了一句话概括Phoenix："We put the SQL back in NoSQL" 意思是：我们把SQL又放回NoSQL去了！这边说的NoSQL专指HBase，意思是可以用SQL语句来查询Hbase，你可能会说：“Hive和Impala也可以啊！”。但是Hive和Impala还可以查询文本文件，Phoenix的特点就是，它只能查Hbase，别的类型都不支持！但是也因为这种专一的态度，让Phoenix在Hbase上查询的性能超过了Hive和Impala！
安装Phoenix之前的组件都是通过CDH来安装的，但是这回就跟Cloudera完全没关系了。从 Apache Phoenix Download 下载Phoenix包，不过这个镜像有点慢，我把包上传到CSDN了，下载地址见下面的版本对应
Phoenix跟Hbase的版本对应Phoenix 2.x - HBase 0.94.x
Phoenix 3.x - HBase 0.94.x 下载地址
Phoenix 4.x - HBase 0.98.1+ 下载地址 官网下载地址这里我用4.2.2，下载好后，解压开，把 phoenix-4.2.2-server.jar 拷贝到所有RegionServer的lib目录下 /usr/lib/hbase/lib
cp phoenix-4.2.2-server.jar /usr/lib/hbase/lib复制代码
然后重启所有regionserver
service hbase-regionserver restart复制代码
使用Phoenix把 phoenix-4.2.2-bin.tar.gz 解压出来的 phoenix-4.2.2-bin 文件夹也上传到host1上，然后到bin目录下执行(其实在本机也可以，只是我本机没有Python环境而Centos天生有Python)
如果是windows下下载的，得先在centos上给bin文件夹里面的.py文件赋上执行权限
[root@host1 ~]# cd phoenix-4.2.2-bin/
[root@host1 phoenix-4.2.2-bin]# cd bin
[root@host1 bin]# chmod +x *.py复制代码
phoenix可以用4种方式调用
批处理方式
命令行方式
GUI方式
JDBC调用
批处理方式我们建立sql 名叫 us_population.sql 内容是
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS us_population ( state CHAR(2) NOT NULL, city VARCHAR NOT NULL, population BIGINT CONSTRAINT my_pk PRIMARY KEY (state, city));复制代码
建立一个文件 us_population.csv
NY,New York,8143197
CA,Los Angeles,3844829
IL,Chicago,2842518
TX,Houston,2016582
PA,Philadelphia,1463281
AZ,Phoenix,1461575
TX,San Antonio,1256509
CA,San Diego,1255540
TX,Dallas,1213825
CA,San Jose,912332复制代码
再创建一个文件 us_population_queries.sql
SELECT state as "State",count(city) as "City Count",sum(population) as "Population Sum" FROM us_population GROUP BY state ORDER BY sum(population) DESC;复制代码然后一起执行
phoenix-4.2.2-bin/bin/psql.py host1,host2:2181 us_population.sql us_population.csv us_population_queries.sql复制代码
这边记得把 host1 和 host2 换成你的zookeeper地址
这条命令你同时做了 创建一个表，插入数据，查询结果 三件事情
[root@host1 ~]# phoenix-4.2.2-bin/bin/psql.py host1,host2:2181 us_population.sql us_population.csv us_population_queries.sql
15/03/04 17:14:23 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
15/03/04 17:14:24 WARN impl.MetricsConfig: Cannot locate configuration: tried hadoop-metrics2-phoenix.properties,hadoop-metrics2.properties
no rows upserted
Time: 0.726 sec(s)
csv columns from database.
CSV Upsert complete. 10 rows upserted
Time: 0.103 sec(s)
St City Count Population Sum
-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
NY 1 8143197
CA 3 6012701
TX 3 4486916
IL 1 2842518
PA 1 1463281
AZ 1 1461575
Time: 0.048 sec(s)复制代码用hbase shell 看下会发现多出来一个 US_POPULATION 表，用scan 命令查看一下这个表的数据
hbase(main):002:0> scan 'US_POPULATION'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
AZPhoenix column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x16MG
AZPhoenix column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
CALos Angeles column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00:\xAA\xDD
CALos Angeles column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
CASan Diego column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x13(t
CASan Diego column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
CASan Jose column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0D\xEB\xCC
CASan Jose column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
ILChicago column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00+_\x96
ILChicago column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
NYNew York column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00|A]
NYNew York column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
PAPhiladelphia column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x16S\xF1
PAPhiladelphia column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
TXDallas column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x12\x85\x81
TXDallas column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
TXHouston column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1E\xC5F
TXHouston column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
TXSan Antonio column=0:POPULATION, timestamp=1425460467206, value=\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x13,=
TXSan Antonio column=0:_0, timestamp=1425460467206, value=
10 row(s) in 0.2220 seconds复制代码会发现
之前定义的PRIMARY KEY 为 state, city ，于是Phoenix就把你输入的state 和 city的值拼起来成为rowkey
其他的字段还是按照列名去保存，默认的列簇为 0
还有一个0:_0 这个列是没有值的，这个是Phoenix处于性能方面考虑增加的一个列，不用管这个列
命令行方式然后执行sqlline.py
$ ./sqlline.py localhost复制代码可以进入命令行模式
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost>复制代码
退出命令行的方式是执行 !quit
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost>!quit复制代码命令开头需要一个感叹号，使用help可以打印出所有命令
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost> help
!all Execute the specified SQL against all the current connections
!autocommit Set autocommit mode on or off
!batch Start or execute a batch of statements
!brief Set verbose mode off
!call Execute a callable statement
!close Close the current connection to the database
!closeall Close all current open connections
!columns List all the columns for the specified table
!commit Commit the current transaction (if autocommit is off)
!connect Open a new connection to the database.
!dbinfo Give metadata information about the database
!describe Describe a table
!dropall Drop all tables in the current database
!exportedkeys List all the exported keys for the specified table
!go Select the current connection
!help Print a summary of command usage
!history Display the command history
!importedkeys List all the imported keys for the specified table
!indexes List all the indexes for the specified table
!isolation Set the transaction isolation for this connection
!list List the current connections
!manual Display the SQLLine manual
!metadata Obtain metadata information
!nativesql Show the native SQL for the specified statement
!outputformat Set the output format for displaying results
(table,vertical,csv,tsv,xmlattrs,xmlelements)
!primarykeys List all the primary keys for the specified table
!procedures List all the procedures
!properties Connect to the database specified in the properties file(s)
!quit Exits the program
!reconnect Reconnect to the database
!record Record all output to the specified file
!rehash Fetch table and column names for command completion
!rollback Roll back the current transaction (if autocommit is off)
!run Run a script from the specified file
!save Save the current variabes and aliases
!scan Scan for installed JDBC drivers
!script Start saving a script to a file
!set Set a sqlline variable
!sql Execute a SQL command
!tables List all the tables in the database
!typeinfo Display the type map for the current connection
!verbose Set verbose mode on复制代码建立employee的映射表数据准备然后我们来建立一个映射表，映射我之前建立过的一个hbase表 employee
hbase(main):003:0> describe 'employee'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED
'employee', {NAME => 'company', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => true
'1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', I
N_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'family', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLIC
ATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => '
false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
1 row(s) in 0.1120 seconds复制代码可以看出employee有连个列簇 company 和 family
hbase(main):016:0> scan 'employee'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=company:name, timestamp=1425537923391, value=ted
row1 column=company:position, timestamp=1425537950471, value=worker
row1 column=family:tel, timestamp=1425537956413, value=13600912345
row2 column=family:tel, timestamp=1425537994087, value=18942245698
row2 column=family:name, timestamp=1425537975610, value=michael
row2 column=family:position, timestamp=1425537985594, value=manager
2 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds复制代码
有两条数据。如果没有这些数据的同学可以用以下命令创建
create 'employee','company','family'
put 'employee','row1','company:name','ted'
put 'employee','row1','company:position','worker'
put 'employee','row1','family:tel','13600912345'
put 'employee','row2','company:name','michael'
put 'employee','row2','company:position','manager'
put 'employee','row2','family:tel','1894225698'
scan 'employee'复制代码关于映射表在建立映射表之前要说明的是，Phoenix是大小写敏感的，并且所有命令都是大写，如果你建的表名没有用双引号括起来，那么无论你输入的是大写还是小写，建立出来的表名都是大写的，如果你需要建立出同时包含大写和小写的表名和字段名，请把表名或者字段名用双引号括起来
你可以建立读写的表或者只读的表，他们的区别如下
读写表：如果你定义的列簇不存在，会被自动建立出来，并且赋以空值
只读表：你定义的列簇必须事先存在建立映射
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "employee" ("no" CHAR(4) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "company"."name" VARCHAR(30),"company"."position" VARCHAR(20), "family"."tel" CHAR(11), "family"."age" INTEGER);
2 rows affected (1.745 seconds)复制代码这行语句有几个注意点
IF NOT EXISTS可以保证如果已经有建立过这个表，配置不会被覆盖
作为rowkey的字段用 PRIMARY KEY标定
列簇用 columnFamily.columnName 来表示
family.age 是新增的字段，我之前建立测试数据的时候没有建立这个字段的原因是在hbase shell下无法直接写入数字型，等等我用UPSERT 命令插入数据的时候你就可以看到真正的数字型在hbase 下是如何显示的建立好后，查询一下数据
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost> SELECT * FROM "employee";
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| no | name | position | tel | age |
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| row1 | ted | worker | 13600912345 | null |
| row2 | michael | manager | 1894225698 | null |
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+复制代码
插入/更改数据
插入或者更改数据在Phoenix里面是一个命令叫 UPSERT 意思是 update + insert
我们插入一条数据试试
UPSERT INTO "employee" VALUES ('row3','billy','worker','16974681345',33);复制代码查询一下数据
0: jdbc:phoenix:localhost> SELECT * FROM "employee";
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| no | name | position | tel | age |
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| row1 | ted | worker | 13600912345 | null |
| row2 | michael | manager | 1894225698 | null |
| row3 | billy | worker | 16974681345 | 33 |
+------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
3 rows selected (0.195 seconds)复制代码
我们去hbase里面看一下数据
hbase(main):054:0> scan 'employee'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=company:_0, timestamp=1425543735420, value=
row1 column=company:name, timestamp=1425543735274, value=ted
row1 column=company:position, timestamp=1425543735323, value=worker
row1 column=family:tel, timestamp=1425543735420, value=13600912345
row2 column=company:_0, timestamp=1425543735767, value=
row2 column=company:name, timestamp=1425543735608, value=michael
row2 column=company:position, timestamp=1425543735720, value=manager
row2 column=family:tel, timestamp=1425543735767, value=1894225698
row3 column=company:_0, timestamp=1425543857594, value=
row3 column=company:name, timestamp=1425543857594, value=billy
row3 column=company:position, timestamp=1425543857594, value=worker
row3 column=family:age, timestamp=1425543857594, value=\x80\x00\x00!
row3 column=family:tel, timestamp=1425543857594, value=16974681345
3 row(s) in 0.0650 seconds复制代码
最后那个 \x80\x00\x00! 就是数字型在hbase中序列化成了字节的存储形式
TABLE 跟 VIEW 的区别建立VIEW的语句跟TABLE一样，就是把TABLE关键字换成VIEW而已，但是他们有本质的区别:
如果你有一张Hbase的表，并且以前已经有数据，最好建立VIEW，因为一旦建立了TABLE, Phoenix 会认为这张table完全是属于Phoenix的，就算你只是删除Phoenix里面的表，Hbase里面对应的表也会一起删除掉
如果你之前没有这张Hbase的表，你想建立全新的Phoenix表，就用Table，但是要记住所有的操作都要经过Phoenix，那张同时被建立的表，只是一张附属表，不要试图往里面手动维护数据，忘记它的存在
用GUI方式
GUI方式的安装方法在 http://phoenix.apache.org/installation.html 这边不讲了，因为我自己也没搞起来，而且那个界面实在太丑了，看了不忍心使用。
JDBC调用打开Eclipse建立一个简单的Maven项目 play-phoenix
20150305165819240.png (8.23 KB, 下载次数: 34)
2015-4-6 18:27 上传
pom.xml的内容是
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0
org.crazycake
play-phoenix
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
jar
play-phoenix
http://maven.apache.org
UTF-8
apache release
https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/releases/
maven-compiler-plugin
2.0.2
1.7
1.7
UTF-8
true
-nowarn
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-shade-plugin
2.3
implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ApacheLicenseResourceTransformer">
package
shade
junit
junit
3.8.1
test
org.apache.phoenix
phoenix-core
4.2.2
复制代码phoenix 4.2.2 使用jdk1.7编译的，如果你只有1.6就用 4.2.0org.apache.phoenix
phoenix-core
4.2.0
复制代码我们建立一个类 PhoenixManager
package org.crazycake.play_phoenix;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class PhoenixManager {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDriver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:phoenix:host1,host2:2181");
stat = conn.createStatement();
rs = stat.executeQuery("select * from "employee"");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println("no: " + rs.getString("no"));
System.out.println("name: " + rs.getString("name"));
System.out.println("position: " + rs.getString("position"));
System.out.println("age: " + rs.getInt("age"));
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally{
if(rs != null){
rs.close();
}
if(stat != null){
stat.close();
}
if(conn != null){
conn.close();
}
}
}
}复制代码运行下，结果为
no: row1
name: ted
position: worker
age: 0
no: row2
name: michael
position: manager
age: 0
no: row3
name: billy
position: worker
age: 33复制代码
搞定！
结语至此所有Hadoop必学的组件已经完成，菜鸟课程已经完成！后续的非必学组件我就看心情更新了！ :-)
参考资料http://phoenix.apache.org/Phoenix-in-15-minutes-or-less.html
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