1
导读
感谢思维导图作者
Tracy,女,设计爱好者,推理烧脑粉
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
The database business
数据库买卖
英文部分选自经济学人20200918期Business版块
The database business
数据库买卖
Steam engine in the cloud
云端蒸汽机
Snowflake has raised $3.5bn in a record software listing. Now what?
雪花公司已筹资35亿美金,创下软件公司上市记录。现在又怎样呢?
Catching snowflakes is fun. It has become lucrative, too. Investors scrambled for shares in Snowflake, a maker of database programs, as it went public on the New York Stock Exchange on September 16th. The eight-year-old firm more than doubled its valuation the first day of trading, from $33bn to over $70bn, making its initial public offering the largest ever for a software firm. Even Warren Buffett, abandoning his customary tech-shyness, got in on the action. The legendary investor’s conglomerate, Berkshire Hathaway, put $735m into the firm, through a separate private placement and by purchasing shares from a former chief executive—a stake that is now worth $1.56bn.
抓雪花很好玩(注:这里的雪花应该既指雪花本身,又代表雪花公司),而且它现在也变得有利可图。9月16日,数据库(存储及分析)公司雪花在纽交所上市的时候,投资者们都在竞相争抢这家公司的股份。这家成立8年的公司的估值在上市交易的第一天翻了一番还多(从330亿美元增至700多亿美元)。这使得它成为软件公司史上最大的IPO。甚至连沃伦巴菲特也放弃了他对科技股的“敬而远之”,对这家公司采取了行动。这位传奇投资家的伯克希尔哈撒韦公司通过独立私募和从前CEO手中买下股份的方式,向这家公司注入了7.35亿美元。前CEO手里那部分股份现在已经值15.6亿美元了。
注:
Private placement: a sale of stock shares or bonds to pre-selected investors and institutions rather than on the open market. Investors invited to participate in private placement programs include wealthy individual investors, banks and other financial institutions, mutual funds, insurance companies, and pension funds.
The excitement shines a light on an obscure corner of information technology: software for managing corporate data. This database market already generates $55bn a year in sales (see chart). It is expected to expand rapidly as data become, if not the new oil, then at least an input for most companies. And it is changing in intriguing ways—not all of them good for Snowflake.
投资者的兴奋照亮了信息技术领域一个界鲜为人知的角落:公司数据管理软件。公司数据库已经成为了每年产生550亿美元收入的市场(见下图)。随着数据成为多数公司的投入方向,甚至被誉为数字经济的新石油,这个市场预计会迅速膨胀。同时,这个市场也在以耐人寻味的方式变化着——并不是所有变化都对雪花公司有利。
A database used to be best understood as a digital steam engine. Before electricity came along, a factory’s machines sat near a single power source. Similarly, corporate applications—programs that keep track of a firm’s finances or its supply chain, say—were built around databases housing all of a firm’s important information. Hard disks were pricey and had limited capacity so the best way to store it was in lean “relational” databases. Max Schireson, who used to run MongoDB, a database-maker, and now works for Battery Ventures, an investment firm, likens these to “a parking garage where, to save space, you put all the seats in one place, the tyres in another and so on”. The industry became dominated by a few firms, with Oracle leading the pack.
数据库曾经被认为是数字信息蒸汽机。电力出现之前,工厂的机器通常被放置在靠近单一动力源的地方。同样的,公司的应用程序(比如说那些跟踪记录公司的财务信息或者供应链的应用)也是围绕储存公司所有重要数据的数据库构建。但硬盘价格昂贵、容量有限,所以最好的方法是把数据存储在精简的“关系”数据库里。曾经营过MongoDB数据库公司的马克斯•西瑞森(Max Schireson)现在在巴特利风险投资公司(Battery Ventures)工作,他将数据库比喻成停车场,“为了节省空间,把所有座位放一个地方,所有轮胎放另一个地方,如此类推”。这个行业已经被一小部分企业所统治,其中甲骨文公司一马当先。
注:
1. MongoDB, 一款为web应用程序和互联网基础设施设计的数据库管理系统,是NoSQL类型的数据库。MongoDB数据库公司于2007年创办于纽约,2017年成功IPO。三位创始人分别是Eliot Horowitz(兼首席技术官)、Dwight Merriman和Kevin Ryan。
2. Max Schireson,MongoDB 前CEO ,于2014年离职。
As storage got cheaper and data volumes exploded, though, startups erecting new kinds of digital car park proliferated. Many focus not on tracking specific transactions but on analysing all manner of data to glean relevant knowledge about a business, such as where certain products sell best. These more cluttered “data warehouses”, as they are known, were pioneered in the late 1970s by a firm called Teradata. Their latest iterations are “data lakes”, which take in all sorts of unstructured information, including text and pictures.
随着信息储存成本下降而数据量暴增,大批建立新型数字“停车场”的初创公司应运而生,数量激增。这其中的许多企业并不专注于记录具体交易事务,而是专门分析各类数据、进而搜集特定业务的相关信息,例如某一种产品在哪里卖得最好。众所周知,这类更为繁杂的“数据仓库”是在20世纪70年代由天睿资讯(Teradata)开创的,最新版本是“数据湖泊”,它囊括了文字、图片等各种杂乱的信息。
注:
Teradata: 天睿公司(纽交所代码:TDC),是美国前十大上市软件公司之一。经过逾40 年的发展,Teradata天睿公司已经成为全球最大的专注于大数据分析、数据仓库和整合营销管理解决方案的供应商之一。(选自《百度百科》
Snowflake has gone a step further. It was one of the first firms to lift database systems from companies’ in-house data centres and into the computing clouds, the biggest of which are operated by Amazon, Google and Microsoft, a trio of tech giants. Snowflake’s customers can add capacity as needed—and pay depending on their use rather than a fixed price for a software licence, as was typical for relational databases. Better yet, its “multi-cloud” service works across the three big computing clouds, so customers need not get locked into any one of them. Recently Snowflake has also added features that let customers share and sell data, setting itself up as a data exchange of sorts.
雪花公司则更进一步,它是最早一批将数据库系统从公司内部数据中心上传到数据处理云端的企业之一,云端最大的部分由亚马逊、谷歌和微软三大技术巨头把持。雪花公司的用户可以按需扩大储存空间并根据自己的使用量付费,而不是像其他普通企业的关系数据库那样让客户支付一笔固定费用来获得软件使用权。更好的地方是,它的“多重云端”服务横跨三大数据处理云端,客户不必再拘泥于其中的任一云端。最近雪花公司的数据库也增添了新功能,允许客户分享或出售数据,将自己打造成类似数据交换的平台。
This has convinced many that Snowflake could be the next Oracle. The firm is certainly on a roll. Although it has yet to make money, its losses, of $171m in the six months to July, have declined as revenue has more than doubled year on year, to $242m. On current trends sales could reach nearly $1bn in the next 12 months.
因而,许多人相信雪花公司会成为下一个甲骨文公司,这个企业的确发展得很顺利。虽然它还没有开始盈利,但其亏损金额已有所下降——截止7月份,公司半年的亏损为1.71亿美元,但收益同比翻了一番多,达24,200万美元。就雪花公司现阶段发展势头来看,接下来12个月它的销售额可以达到近10亿美元。
Despite these promising numbers, and the market’s blessing, Snowflake has its work cut out. The company’s uniqueness will not last much longer, says Donald Feinberg of Gartner, a research firm. Rival firms, in particular the big cloud providers, have been beefing up competing products and have even dabbled with the multi-cloud. A few startups are already offering cheaper and more flexible “open source” alternatives such as ClickHouse, a particularly zippy data-management system sold by a startup called Altinity.
尽管数据上前途无量,市场广受认可,但雪花公司仍面临艰巨的任务。咨询公司高德纳(Gartner)的唐纳德•范伯格(Donald Feinberg)表示,雪花公司的独特性不会持续太久。竞争对手,尤其是大型云服务提供商,正努力加强竞品,甚至也已涉足了多云业务。一些初创公司已经在提供一些更便宜、更灵活的开源替代品,比如初创公司Altinity售卖的速度很快的数据管理系统ClickHouse(来自俄罗斯的分析数据库,以跑分快著称)。
注:
1. 美股年度最大 IPO 凭什么是它:
https://xueqiu.com/8823164979/159553910
2. 衍生阅读: ClickHouse
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/22165241
Other challengers are building more specialised digital repositories. Data generated by websites, for instance, are often stored on “document-oriented” databases that, in the garage analogy, keep cars intact rather than strip them for parts. MongoDB is the market leader in this segment. Confluent, another startup, is big in “streaming” databases that garner information from sources like sensors. These are more akin to a motorway service station: data are quickly checked to see if action is needed.
其他挑战者则正在打造更加专业的数据仓库。比如,网站生成的数据经常存储在“面向文档”的数据库中。仍拿停车库作比,这类数据库是将一辆完整的轿车停在里面,而不是将其拆成零件存储。MongoDB是这个领域的市场领头羊。另一家初创公司Confluent,在 “流式”数据库方面做得很好,这类数据库从传感器等来源收集信息。这更类似于高速公路服务站:快速检查数据以确定是否需要采取行动。
Much as today’s assembly lines are driven by dispersed electric motors rather than a single steam engine, then, corporate IT systems will increasingly rely on sundry specialised databases, predicts Zane Chrane of Bernstein, a broker. That—and the fact that data will increasingly be analysed in real time, rather than saved in a conventional database—will limit the power and profits of any single supplier. So Snowflake is unlikely ever to become as dominant as Oracle. Snowflakes fly high in a flurry. They also melt.
投行伯恩斯坦(Bernstein)的分析师赞恩·克雷恩(Zane Chrane)预测,就像今天的装配线由分散的电动机而非单一的蒸汽机驱动,公司的IT系统将会越来越依赖各种专业的数据库。此外,数据将越来越多地被实时分析,而不是保存在传统的数据库中,这一事实将限制任何单一供应商的能力和利润。因此,雪花公司不太可能成为像甲骨文一样的一方霸主。雪花虽一时半霎间能在高空飞舞,却最终也只落得个消融殆尽的田地。
翻译组:
Humi,女,Cater, Catti 二笔Alan,男,金融工程硕士,经文史哲爱好者,喜爱小动物
Lavender,MTI在读,不会做模特的追星女孩不是好的话剧爱好者
校对组:
Hannah,女,教书匠,经济学人粉丝Very,男,电气民工,经济学人资浅爱好者
Zoey,女,咨询行业,爱挠头的英文码字工
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观点|评论|思考
本次感想
Very,男,电气民工,经济学人资浅爱好者
记得好些年前有这么一个想法,只要网速够快,那么包括显卡在内的所有运算都可以在网上完成,然后再传输到本地,打游戏就不需要买好的显卡了,毕竟老黄刀法精湛。虽然这种模式已悄然来到,但似乎能够达到如此高要求网速的费用远远大于购买本地硬件本身了。由此我想到了汽车,一百多年前的汽车似乎也并没有配套的公路,只是和马匹并驾在泥泞的土路上,但是当这种事物与其配套相辅相成般共同成长到一定的数量时,那么就会产生质的变化,我们可以为汽车专门铺设公路,为火车专门铺设铁路,为传输信息专门铺设光纤,为供水专门铺设水管,这两者在我看来是一体的,因为没管路的水是无法发挥其真正作用的,没有光纤的网路也毫无价值可言,所以事物的发展往往不是单独的,而是有其一整套逻辑在其中。
前两天老师上课讲到孔子理论中的“君子”,我就狭隘地认为“君子”中的“子”应该是儿子的意思,因为如此理解背后的逻辑是自洽的:如果自己努力的方向是做“君”的“儿子”(尽管有许许多多的条件限制),而孔子认为“孝”是做人的根本,所以从这两者自然能推出一个简单的逻辑:那就是你要“孝顺”你的“君”,而统治者就是这个“君”,所以就是用如此简单的办法把统治力下到了每一个个体中去了,简洁且高效,在古代的中国必然是一种会被统治阶级采纳的思想。反观道教,其讲究顺应自然,无为而治,这种思想如何可能被统治阶级接受呢?所以千百年来也没能成为历届统治阶级的首选。
接纳一种新生事物,高效和低成本似乎是不二法门,可能新事物会更迭,但是其自身的这两点属性倘若在变化过程中丢失了,则估计离淘汰不远了。早先时候的软盘,接下来的光盘,也似乎都是在变迁的过程中慢慢丧失了这两个特性而远离了人们的视野。
可惜对人而言就没这么简单了,我经常会思考某些事情,朝着高效低成本的方向做出选择,但是几乎所有的这类选择都是不受欢迎的,我观察旁人的选择,也往往不是在理性层面最优的那个,我很苦恼这些,因为这种状态让我感觉很混乱,很不得章法,内心没有一丝安全感。
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