举例说明一下try/except/finally的用法。
若不使用try/except/finally
1 x = 'abc'
2 deffetcher(obj, index):3 returnobj[index]4
5 fetcher(x, 4)
输出:
File "test.py", line 6, in fetcher(x,4)
File"test.py", line 4, infetcherreturnobj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range
使用try/except/finally:
第一: try不仅捕获异常,而且会恢复执行
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 except:5 print "got exception"
6 print "continuing"
输出:
got exception
continuing
第二:无论try是否发生异常,finally总会执行
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 finally:5 print 'after fecth'
输出:(这里没用except,即没有在异常发生时的处理办法,就按python默认的方式来对待异常发生,故程序会停下来)
after fecth
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"test.py", line 55, in catcher()
File"test.py", line 12, incatcher
fetcher(x,4)
File"test.py", line 4, infetcherreturnobj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range
第三:try无异常,才会执行else
有异常的情况
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 except:5 print "got exception"
6 else:7 print "not exception"
输出:
got exception
没异常的情况:
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 2)4 except:5 print "got exception"
6 else:7 print "not exception"
输出:
not exception
else作用:没有else语句,当执行完try语句后,无法知道是没有发生异常,还是发生了异常并被处理过了。通过else可以清楚的区分开。
第四:利用raise传递异常
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 except:5 print "got exception"
6 raise
输出:
got exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"test.py", line 37, in catcher()
File"test.py", line 22, incatcher
fetcher(x,4)
File"test.py", line 4, infetcherreturnobj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range
raise语句不包括异常名称或额外资料时,会重新引发当前异常(即发生了异常才进入except内的异常)。如果希望捕获处理一个异常,而又不希望异常在程序代码中消失,可以通过raise重新引发该异常。
第五:except(name1, name2)
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 except(TypeError, IndexError):5 print "got exception"
6 else:7 print "not exception"
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
1 defcatcher():2 try:3 fetcher(x, 4)4 except:5 print "got exception"