android mockito retrofit2,使用Retrofit2和Mockito或Robolectric的Android单元测试

测试实际服务器请求通常不是一个好主意。参见

this blog post有关该主题的有趣的讨论。根据作者，使用你的真实服务器是一个问题，因为：

Another moving piece that can intermittently fail

Requires some expertise outside of the Android domain to deploy the server and keep it updated

Difficult to trigger error/edge cases

Slow test execution (still making HTTP calls)

您可以通过使用模拟服务器(如OkHttp的MockWebServer)来模拟真实的响应结果，从而避免上述所有问题。例如：

@Test

public void test() throws IOException {

MockWebServer mockWebServer = new MockWebServer();

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()

.baseUrl(mockWebServer.url("").toString())

//TODO Add your Retrofit parameters here

.build();

//Set a response for retrofit to handle. You can copy a sample

//response from your server to simulate a correct result or an error.

//MockResponse can also be customized with different parameters

//to match your test needs

mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("your json body"));

YourRetrofitService service = retrofit.create(YourRetrofitService.class);

//With your service created you can now call its method that should

//consume the MockResponse above. You can then use the desired

//assertion to check if the result is as expected. For example:

Call call = service.getYourObject();

assertTrue(call.execute() != null);

//Finish web server

mockWebServer.shutdown();

}

如果您需要模拟网络延迟，可以按如下所示自定义响应：

MockResponse response = new MockResponse()

.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")

.addHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache")

.setBody("{}");

response.throttleBody(1024, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

或者，您可以使用MockRetrofit和NetworkBehavior来模拟API响应。参见here一个如何使用它的例子。

最后，如果您只想测试您的Retrofit服务，最简单的方法是创建一个模拟版本，为您的测试发出模拟结果。例如，如果您有以下GitHub服务接口：

public interface GitHub {

@GET("/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors")

Call> contributors(

@Path("owner") String owner,

@Path("repo") String repo);

}

然后，您可以为测试创建以下MockGitHub：

public class MockGitHub implements GitHub {

private final BehaviorDelegate delegate;

private final Map>> ownerRepoContributors;

public MockGitHub(BehaviorDelegate delegate) {

this.delegate = delegate;

ownerRepoContributors = new LinkedHashMap<>();

// Seed some mock data.

addContributor("square", "retrofit", "John Doe", 12);

addContributor("square", "retrofit", "Bob Smith", 2);

addContributor("square", "retrofit", "Big Bird", 40);

addContributor("square", "picasso", "Proposition Joe", 39);

addContributor("square", "picasso", "Keiser Soze", 152);

}

@Override public Call> contributors(String owner, String repo) {

List response = Collections.emptyList();

Map> repoContributors = ownerRepoContributors.get(owner);

if (repoContributors != null) {

List contributors = repoContributors.get(repo);

if (contributors != null) {

response = contributors;

}

}

return delegate.returningResponse(response).contributors(owner, repo);

}

}

然后，您可以在测试中使用MockGitHub来模拟您正在查找的响应类型。有关完整的示例，请参阅Retrofit example的SimpleService和SimpleMockService的实现。

所有这一切，如果你绝对必须连接到实际的服务器，你可以设置Retrofit与自定义ImmediateExecutor同步工作：

public class ImmediateExecutor implements Executor {

@Override public void execute(Runnable command) {

command.run();

}

}

然后将其应用于在构建Retrofit时使用的OkHttpClient：

OkHttpClient client = OkHttpClient.Builder()

.dispatcher(new Dispatcher(new ImmediateExecutor()))

.build();

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()

.client(client)

//Your params

.build();