python django项目_python之django项目实战

#### **创建项目**

```

django-admin startproject BBS

```

#### **数据库配置**

在settings.py文件中 将app01应用加入到installed_apps中,修改DATABASES项

~~~

INSTALLED_APPS = (

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'app01',

)

DATABASES = {

'default': {

'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

'NAME': 'bbs',

'USER': 'root',

'PASSWORD': '',

'HOST': 'localhost',

'PORT': '3306'

}

}

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

~~~

#### **创建应用**

~~~

python manage.py startapp app01

~~~

#### **定义模型类**

在app01/models.py文件中

~~~

# -*-coding:utf-8

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class BBS(models.Model):

"""

帖子表

"""

title = models.CharField(max_length=64)

summary = models.CharField(max_length=256,blank=True,null=True)

content = models.TextField()

auth = models.ForeignKey('BBS_user')

view_count = models.IntegerField()

ranking = models.IntegerField()

created_at = models.DateTimeField()

updated_at = models.DateTimeField()

def __unicode__(self):

return self.title

class Categroy(models.Model):

"""

分类表

"""

name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)

administrator = models.ForeignKey('BBS_user')

class BBS_user(models.Model):

"""

论坛用户表

"""

user = models.OneToOneField(User)

signature = models.CharField(max_length=128,default='This guy is too lazy to levave anything here')

photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='upload_images/',default="upload_images/user_1.jpg",)

def __unicode__(self):

return self.user.username

~~~

#### **生成数据表**

```

python manage.py syncdb

```

在app01/admin.py 注册数据表 不注册后台不显示

~~~

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(models.BBS)

admin.site.register(models.Categroy)

admin.site.register(models.BBS_user)

~~~

#### **生成迁移文件：根据模型类生成sql语句**

```

python manage.py makemigrations app01

```

#### **执行迁移：执行sql语句生成数据表**

~~~

python manage.py migrate

~~~

#### **创建一个管理员账户**

```

python manage.py createsuperuser

```

#### **运行项目**

```

python manage.py runserver

```

#### **django admin后台列表显示**

在app01/admin.py下

~~~

# -*-coding:utf-8

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

# Register your models here.

class BBS_admin(admin.ModelAdmin):

#列表显示

list_display = ('title','summary','view_count','auth','signature')

#过滤

list_filter = ('created_at',)

#搜索查询

search_fields = ('title','auth__user__username')

#展示关联表中另一个字段

def signature(self,obj):

return obj.auth.signature

#给signature起个别名

signature.short_description = '签名'

class BBS_user_admin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('signature','id')

admin.site.register(models.BBS,BBS_admin)

admin.site.register(models.Categroy)

admin.site.register(models.BBS_user,BBS_user_admin)

~~~

#### **在项目目录下创建static和templates目录**

* static目录存放公共的css、images、js文件

>[danger]在setting的配置文件中添加

STATIC_URL = '/abc/' #静态目录的别名

STATICFILES_DIRS = (

os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),

)

* templates 存放视图文件

>[danger]在setting的配置文件中

TEMPLATES = [{

'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],

}]

在templates目录下创建一个index.html

在app01目录下的views.py中

~~~

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(response):

return render_to_response('index.html')

~~~

#### **配置路由url**

1.在根目录下的urls.py

~~~

from django.conf.urls import include, url

from django.contrib import admin

import app01.urls

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

url(r'',include(app01.urls)),

]

~~~

2.在项目app01下的urls.py

~~~

from django.conf.urls import include, url

import views

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^$',views.index),

]

~~~

3.在项目app01下的views.py

~~~

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.http import HttpResponse,request

# Create your views here.

def index(reuqest):

return HttpResponse("

test

")

~~~

4.在views.py的方法中从数据库中查询数据

~~~

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.http import HttpResponse,request

from app01 import models

# Create your views here.

def index(reuqest):

bbs = models.Bbs.objects.all();

return render_to_response('index.html',{'o':bbs})

~~~

5.在模板的index.html中输出

~~~

{% for bs in o %}

{{ bs.title }}

{{ bs.summary }}

{% endfor %}

~~~