atlas 力矩计算_AtlasCopco基本拧紧技术讲解.ppt

* * * * * * * * * Acts as lubricant until hard * * * * * * * Elastic and permanent deformation – yield. Tightening too much will stretch the screw until it breaks. This means that when using torque controlled tightening the final torque allways has to be set in such a way that you never reach the yield point. * * * * Flywheel application * * * Examples of hard joints would be: Seat belts in a car, the fly wheel, generally joints with a small ratio between thread diameter and clamp length are hard joints. Examples of soft joints would be: U-bolts (bolts clamping leaf springs on trucks), fuel tank straps, generally joints where elastic parts are assembled by the screw are very soft. Normal joints would have tightening angles of 60-160°. These are the ones also where you have a proper ratio between the stiffness of the joint and the stiffness of the screw. The screw is in this case softer or much softer than the joint. There are joints where you can have big variations in stiffness. Some more examples please! * 5. Hard and soft joints A joint is usually described as hard or soft. A hard joint is when two firm metal parts are fastened directly together, and a soft joint is where there is a thick rubber seal between them. Therefore hard and soft joints can be defined as follows: * The reference point for the bolt is the point after the “rundown” (snug level = the point where the bolt is fastened into the nut so that the head is protruding) * A hard joint reaches its proper clamping force within 30° of the reference point. * A soft joint reaches its proper clamping force 720° after the reference point. There are different factors influencing the hardness of a joint: the number and nature of seals, the length and diameter of the bolt, etc. * * * * * * * * * * Joint relaxation (creep) occurs to some extent in all joints and is caused by the parts in the joint collapsing under the clamping force. Relaxation is a particular problem on joints where gaskets or spri