字节，16进制大端小端模式，字符串转换工具类（超全）

import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * 字节数组转换工具类
 */
public class ByteUtils {

    public static final String GBK = "GBK";
    public static final String UTF8 = "utf-8";
    public static final char[] ascii = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
    private static char[] HEX_VOCABLE = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6',
            '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

    /**
     * 将short整型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(short data) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[2];
        bytes[0] = (byte) ((data & 0xff00) >> 8);
        bytes[1] = (byte) (data & 0xff);
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 将字符转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(char data) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[2];
        bytes[0] = (byte) (data >> 8);
        bytes[1] = (byte) (data);
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 将布尔值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(boolean data) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1];
        bytes[0] = (byte) (data ? 1 : 0);
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 将整型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(int data) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
        bytes[0] = (byte) ((data & 0xff000000) >> 24);
        bytes[1] = (byte) ((data & 0xff0000) >> 16);
        bytes[2] = (byte) ((data & 0xff00) >> 8);
        bytes[3] = (byte) (data & 0xff);
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 将long整型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(long data) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
        bytes[0] = (byte) ((data >> 56) & 0xff);
        bytes[1] = (byte) ((data >> 48) & 0xff);
        bytes[2] = (byte) ((data >> 40) & 0xff);
        bytes[3] = (byte) ((data >> 32) & 0xff);
        bytes[4] = (byte) ((data >> 24) & 0xff);
        bytes[5] = (byte) ((data >> 16) & 0xff);
        bytes[6] = (byte) ((data >> 8) & 0xff);
        bytes[7] = (byte) (data & 0xff);
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 将float型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(float data) {
        int intBits = Float.floatToIntBits(data);
        return getBytes(intBits);
    }

    /**
     * 将double型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(double data) {
        long intBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(data);
        return getBytes(intBits);
    }

    /**
     * 将字符串按照charsetName编码格式的字节数组
     *
     * @param data        字符串
     * @param charsetName 编码格式
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(String data, String charsetName) {
        Charset charset = Charset.forName(charsetName);
        return data.getBytes(charset);
    }

    /**
     * 将字符串按照GBK编码格式的字节数组
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] getBytes(String data) {
        return getBytes(data, GBK);
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组第0字节转换为布尔值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean getBoolean(byte[] bytes) {
        return bytes[0] == 1;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组的第index字节转换为布尔值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param index
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean getBoolean(byte[] bytes, int index) {
        return bytes[index] == 1;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前2字节转换为short整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static short getShort(byte[] bytes) {
        return (short) ((0xff00 & (bytes[0] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[1]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的2个字节转换为short整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static short getShort(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        return (short) ((0xff00 & (bytes[startIndex] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[startIndex + 1]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前2字节转换为字符
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static char getChar(byte[] bytes) {
        return (char) ((0xff00 & (bytes[0] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[1]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的2个字节转换为字符
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static char getChar(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        return (char) ((0xff00 & (bytes[startIndex] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[startIndex + 1]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前4字节转换为整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static int getInt(byte[] bytes) {
        return (0xff000000 & (bytes[0] << 24) | (0xff0000 & (bytes[1] << 16))
                | (0xff00 & (bytes[2] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[3]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的4个字节转换为整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static int getInt(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        return (0xff000000 & (bytes[startIndex] << 24)
                | (0xff0000 & (bytes[startIndex + 1] << 16))
                | (0xff00 & (bytes[startIndex + 2] << 8)) | (0xff & bytes[startIndex + 3]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前8字节转换为long整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static long getLong(byte[] bytes) {
        return (0xff00000000000000L & ((long) bytes[0] << 56)
                | (0xff000000000000L & ((long) bytes[1] << 48))
                | (0xff0000000000L & ((long) bytes[2] << 40))
                | (0xff00000000L & ((long) bytes[3] << 32))
                | (0xff000000L & ((long) bytes[4] << 24))
                | (0xff0000L & ((long) bytes[5] << 16))
                | (0xff00L & ((long) bytes[6] << 8)) | (0xffL & (long) bytes[7]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的8个字节转换为long整型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static long getLong(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        return (0xff00000000000000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex] << 56)
                | (0xff000000000000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 1] << 48))
                | (0xff0000000000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 2] << 40))
                | (0xff00000000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 3] << 32))
                | (0xff000000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 4] << 24))
                | (0xff0000L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 5] << 16))
                | (0xff00L & ((long) bytes[startIndex + 6] << 8)) | (0xffL & (long) bytes[startIndex + 7]));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前4字节转换为float型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static float getFloat(byte[] bytes) {
        return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(bytes));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的4个字节转换为float型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static float getFloat(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        byte[] result = new byte[4];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, startIndex, result, 0, 4);
        return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(result));
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组前8字节转换为double型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static double getDouble(byte[] bytes) {
        long l = getLong(bytes);
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(l);
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组从startIndex开始的8个字节转换为double型数值
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param startIndex
     * @return
     */
    public static double getDouble(byte[] bytes, int startIndex) {
        byte[] result = new byte[8];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, startIndex, result, 0, 8);
        long l = getLong(result);
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(l);
    }

    /**
     * 将charsetName编码格式的字节数组转换为字符串
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @param charsetName
     * @return
     */
    public static String getString(byte[] bytes, String charsetName) {
        return new String(bytes, Charset.forName(charsetName));
    }

    /**
     * 将GBK编码格式的字节数组转换为字符串
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static String getString(byte[] bytes) {
        return getString(bytes, GBK);
    }

    /**
     * 将16进制字符串转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param hex
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hex) {
        if (hex == null || "".equals(hex)) {
            return null;
        }
        int len = hex.length() / 2;
        byte[] result = new byte[len];
        char[] chArr = hex.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            int pos = i * 2;
            result[i] = (byte) (toByte(chArr[pos]) << 4 | toByte(chArr[pos + 1]));
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将16进制字符串转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param hex
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] hexToBytes(String hex) {
        if (hex.length() % 2 != 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "input string should be any multiple of 2!");
        hex.toUpperCase();

        byte[] byteBuffer = new byte[hex.length() / 2];

        byte padding = 0x00;
        boolean paddingTurning = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < hex.length(); i++) {
            if (paddingTurning) {
                char c = hex.charAt(i);
                int index = indexOf(hex, c);
                padding = (byte) ((padding << 4) | index);
                byteBuffer[i / 2] = padding;
                padding = 0x00;
                paddingTurning = false;
            } else {
                char c = hex.charAt(i);
                int index = indexOf(hex, c);
                padding = (byte) (padding | index);
                paddingTurning = true;
            }

        }
        return byteBuffer;
    }

    private static int indexOf(String input, char c) {
        int index = ArrayUtils.indexOf(HEX_VOCABLE, c);

        if (index < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("err input:" + input);
        }
        return index;

    }

    /**
     * 将BCD编码的字节数组转换为字符串
     *
     * @param bcds
     * @return
     */
    public static String bcdToString(byte[] bcds) {
        if (bcds == null || bcds.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] temp = new byte[2 * bcds.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < bcds.length; i++) {
            temp[i * 2] = (byte) ((bcds[i] >> 4) & 0x0f);
            temp[i * 2 + 1] = (byte) (bcds[i] & 0x0f);
        }
        StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
            res.append(ascii[temp[i]]);
        }
        return res.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 字节转整形
     *
     * @param value
     * @return
     */
    public static int bcdToInt(byte value) {
        return ((value >> 4) * 10) + (value & 0x0F);
    }

    /**
     * 字节数组转16进制字符串
     *
     * @param bs
     * @return
     */
    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bs) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte b : bs) {
            int high = (b >> 4) & 0x0f;
            int low = b & 0x0f;
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[high]);
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[low]);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }


    /**
     * 字节数组取前len个字节转16进制字符串
     *
     * @param bs
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bs, int len) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            byte b = bs[i];
            int high = (b >> 4) & 0x0f;
            int low = b & 0x0f;
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[high]);
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[low]);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 字节数组偏移offset长度之后的取len个字节转16进制字符串
     *
     * @param bs
     * @param offset
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bs, int offset, int len) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            byte b = bs[offset + i];
            int high = (b >> 4) & 0x0f;
            int low = b & 0x0f;
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[high]);
            sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[low]);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 字节数组转16进制字符串
     *
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public static String byteToHex(byte b) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int high = (b >> 4) & 0x0f;
        int low = b & 0x0f;
        sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[high]);
        sb.append(HEX_VOCABLE[low]);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组取反
     *
     * @param src
     * @return
     */
    public static String negate(byte[] src) {
        if (src == null || src.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] temp = new byte[2 * src.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
            byte tmp = (byte) (0xFF ^ src[i]);
            temp[i * 2] = (byte) ((tmp >> 4) & 0x0f);
            temp[i * 2 + 1] = (byte) (tmp & 0x0f);
        }
        StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
            res.append(ascii[temp[i]]);
        }
        return res.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 比较字节数组是否相同
     *
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean compareBytes(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0 || b == null || b.length == 0
                || a.length != b.length) {
            return false;
        }
        if (a.length == b.length) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                if (a[i] != b[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } else {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 只比对指定长度byte
     *
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean compareBytes(byte[] a, byte[] b, int len) {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0 || b == null || b.length == 0
                || a.length < len || b.length < len) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (a[i] != b[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转换为二进制字符串
     *
     * @param items
     * @return
     */
    public static String bytesToBinaryString(byte[] items) {
        if (items == null || items.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        for (byte item : items) {
            buf.append(byteToBinaryString(item));
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 将字节转换为二进制字符串
     *
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public static String byteToBinaryString(byte item) {
        byte a = item;
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            buf.insert(0, a % 2);
            a = (byte) (a >> 1);
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 对数组a，b进行异或运算
     *
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] xor(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0 || b == null || b.length == 0
                || a.length != b.length) {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] result = new byte[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            result[i] = (byte) (a[i] ^ b[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 对数组a，b进行异或运算 运算长度len
     *
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] xor(byte[] a, byte[] b, int len) {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0 || b == null || b.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        if (a.length < len || b.length < len) {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] result = new byte[len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            result[i] = (byte) (a[i] ^ b[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将short整型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] shortToBytes(int num) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[2];
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            temp[i] = (byte) ((num >>> (8 - i * 8)) & 0xFF);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转为整型
     *
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytesToShort(byte[] arr) {
        int mask = 0xFF;
        int temp = 0;
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            result <<= 8;
            temp = arr[i] & mask;
            result |= temp;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将整型数值转换为指定长度的字节数组
     *
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] intToBytes(int num) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            temp[i] = (byte) ((num >>> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xFF);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    /**
     * 将整型数值转换为指定长度的字节数组
     *
     * @param src
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] intToBytes(int src, int len) {
        if (len < 1 || len > 4) {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] temp = new byte[len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            temp[len - 1 - i] = (byte) ((src >>> (8 * i)) & 0xFF);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转换为整型数值
     *
     * @param arr
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytesToInt(byte[] arr) {
        int mask = 0xFF;
        int temp = 0;
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            result <<= 8;
            temp = arr[i] & mask;
            result |= temp;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将long整型数值转换为字节数组
     *
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] longToBytes(long num) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[8];
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            temp[i] = (byte) ((num >>> (56 - i * 8)) & 0xFF);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转换为long整型数值
     *
     * @param arr
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytesToLong(byte[] arr) {
        int mask = 0xFF;
        int temp = 0;
        long result = 0;
        int len = Math.min(8, arr.length);
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            result <<= 8;
            temp = arr[i] & mask;
            result |= temp;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 将16进制字符转换为字节
     *
     * @param c
     * @return
     */
    public static byte toByte(char c) {
        byte b = (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(c);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * 功能描述：把两个字节的字节数组转化为整型数据，高位补零，例如：<br/>
     * 有字节数组byte[] data = new byte[]{1,2};转换后int数据的字节分布如下：<br/>
     * 00000000  00000000 00000001 00000010,函数返回258
     *
     * @param lenData 需要进行转换的字节数组
     * @return 字节数组所表示整型值的大小
     */
    public static int bytesToIntWhereByteLengthEquals2(byte lenData[]) {
        if (lenData.length != 2) {
            return -1;
        }
        byte fill[] = new byte[]{0, 0};
        byte real[] = new byte[4];
        System.arraycopy(fill, 0, real, 0, 2);
        System.arraycopy(lenData, 0, real, 2, 2);
        int len = byteToInt(real);
        return len;

    }

    /**
     * 功能描述：将byte数组转化为int类型的数据
     *
     * @param byteVal 需要转化的字节数组
     * @return 字节数组所表示的整型数据
     */
    public static int byteToInt(byte[] byteVal) {
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < byteVal.length; i++) {
            int tmpVal = (byteVal[i] << (8 * (3 - i)));
            switch (i) {
                case 0:
                    tmpVal = tmpVal & 0xFF000000;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    tmpVal = tmpVal & 0x00FF0000;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    tmpVal = tmpVal & 0x0000FF00;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    tmpVal = tmpVal & 0x000000FF;
                    break;
            }

            result = result | tmpVal;
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static byte CheckXORSum(byte[] bData) {
        byte sum = 0x00;
        for (int i = 0; i < bData.length; i++) {
            sum ^= bData[i];
        }
        return sum;
    }

    /**
     * 从offset开始 将后续长度为len的byte字节转为int
     *
     * @param data
     * @param offset
     * @param len
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytesToInt(byte[] data, int offset, int len) {
        int mask = 0xFF;
        int temp = 0;
        int result = 0;
        len = Math.min(len, 4);
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            result <<= 8;
            temp = data[offset + i] & mask;
            result |= temp;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * byte字节数组中的字符串的长度
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public static int getBytesStringLen(byte[] data) {
        int count = 0;
        for (byte b : data) {
            if (b == 0x00)
                break;
            count++;
        }
        return count;
    }

    // 颠倒数组元素顺序
    public static byte[] reverse(byte a[]) {  //颠倒数组元素的顺序
        int N = a.length;
        for (byte i = 0; i < N / 2; i++) {
            byte temp = a[i];
            a[i] = a[N - 1 - i];
            a[N - 1 - i] = temp;
        }
        return a;
    }


    /**
     * 将int转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
     *
     * @param n int
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] int2BytesBig(int n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[4];
        b[3] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[2] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        b[1] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
        b[0] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * 将int转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组（小端）
     *
     * @param n int
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] int2BytesLittle(int n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[4];
        b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        b[2] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
        b[3] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * byte数组到int的转换(小端)
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytes2IntLittle(byte[] bytes) {
        int int1 = bytes[0] & 0xff;
        int int2 = (bytes[1] & 0xff) << 8;
        int int3 = (bytes[2] & 0xff) << 16;
        int int4 = (bytes[3] & 0xff) << 24;

        return int1 | int2 | int3 | int4;
    }

    /**
     * byte数组到int的转换,指定长度(小端)
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytes2IntLittle(byte[] bytes, int position, int length) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[length];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, position, temp, 0, length);
        int int1 = temp[0] & 0xff;
        int int2 = (temp[1] & 0xff) << 8;
        int int3 = (temp[2] & 0xff) << 16;
        int int4 = (temp[3] & 0xff) << 24;

        return int1 | int2 | int3 | int4;
    }


    /**
     * byte数组到无符号int的转换(小端)
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2unsignedIntLittle(byte[] bytes) {
        int int1 = bytes[0] & 0xff;
        int int2 = (bytes[1] & 0xff) << 8;
        int int3 = (bytes[2] & 0xff) << 16;
        int int4 = (bytes[3] & 0xff) << 24;

        return (int1 | int2 | int3 | int4) & 0xFFFF;
    }


    /**
     * byte数组到int的转换(大端)
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytes2IntBig(byte[] bytes) {
        int int1 = bytes[3] & 0xff;
        int int2 = (bytes[2] & 0xff) << 8;
        int int3 = (bytes[1] & 0xff) << 16;
        int int4 = (bytes[0] & 0xff) << 24;

        return int1 | int2 | int3 | int4;
    }

    /**
     * 将short转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
     *
     * @param n short
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] short2BytesBig(short n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[2];
        b[1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[0] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * 将short转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组(小端)
     *
     * @param n short
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] short2BytesLittle(short n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[2];
        b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * 读取小端byte数组为short
     *
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static short bytes2ShortLittle(byte[] b) {
        return (short) (((b[1] << 8) | b[0] & 0xff));
    }

    /**
     * 读取小端byte数组为short
     *
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    public static short bytes2ShortLittle(byte[] bytes, int position, int length) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[length];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, position, temp, 0, length);
        return (short) (((temp[1] << 8) | temp[0] & 0xff));
    }


    /**
     * 读取小端byte数组为short
     *
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static int bytes2UnsignedShortLittle(byte[] b) {
        return (((b[1] << 8) | b[0] & 0xff)) & 0xFFFF;
    }

    /**
     * 读取大端byte数组为short
     *
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static short bytes2ShortBig(byte[] b) {
        return (short) (((b[0] << 8) | b[1] & 0xff));
    }

    /**
     * long类型转byte[] (大端)
     *
     * @param n
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] long2BytesBig(long n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[8];
        b[7] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[6] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        b[5] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
        b[4] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
        b[3] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
        b[2] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
        b[1] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
        b[0] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * long类型转byte[] (小端)
     *
     * @param n
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] long2BytesLittle(long n) {
        byte[] b = new byte[8];
        b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
        b[2] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
        b[3] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
        b[4] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
        b[5] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
        b[6] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
        b[7] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * byte[]转long类型(小端)
     *
     * @param array
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2LongLittle(byte[] array) {
        return ((((long) array[0] & 0xff))
                | (((long) array[1] & 0xff) << 8)
                | (((long) array[2] & 0xff) << 16)
                | (((long) array[3] & 0xff) << 24)
                | (((long) array[4] & 0xff) << 32)
                | (((long) array[5] & 0xff) << 40)
                | (((long) array[6] & 0xff) << 48)
                | (((long) array[7] & 0xff) << 56));
    }

    /**
     * byte[]转long类型(大端)
     *
     * @param array
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2LongBig(byte[] array) {
        return ((((long) array[0] & 0xff) << 56)
                | (((long) array[1] & 0xff) << 48)
                | (((long) array[2] & 0xff) << 40)
                | (((long) array[3] & 0xff) << 32)
                | (((long) array[4] & 0xff) << 24)
                | (((long) array[5] & 0xff) << 16)
                | (((long) array[6] & 0xff) << 8)
                | (((long) array[7] & 0xff)));
    }


    /**
     * long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
     *
     * @param l
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static byte[] long2BytesBOS(long l) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bao);
        dos.writeLong(l);
        byte[] buf = bao.toByteArray();
        return buf;
    }

    /**
     * byte[]转long类型(大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public long bytes2LongBOS(byte[] data) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayInputStream bai = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bai);
        return dis.readLong();
    }

    /**
     * long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteBuffer实现
     *
     * @param value
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] long2BytesByteBuffer(long value) {
        return ByteBuffer.allocate(Long.SIZE / Byte.SIZE).putLong(value).array();
    }

    /**
     * byte[]转long类型(大端), 通过ByteBuffer实现
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2LongByteBuffer(byte[] bytes) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
        buffer.put(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        buffer.flip();
        return buffer.getLong();
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转为long<br>
     * 如果input为null,或offset指定的剩余数组长度不足8字节则抛出异常
     *
     * @param input        byte[]
     * @param offset       起始偏移量 0
     * @param littleEndian 输入数组是否小端模式
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2Long(byte[] input, int offset, boolean littleEndian) {
        long value = 0;
        // 循环读取每个字节通过移位运算完成long的8个字节拼装
        for (int count = 0; count < 8; ++count) {
            int shift = (littleEndian ? count : (7 - count)) << 3;
            value |= ((long) 0xff << shift) & ((long) input[offset + count] << shift);
        }
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * 利用 {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}实现byte[]转long
     *
     * @param input        byte[]
     * @param offset       0
     * @param littleEndian 输入数组是否小端模式
     * @return
     */
    public static long bytes2LongByteBuffer(byte[] input, int offset, boolean littleEndian) {
        // 将byte[] 封装为 ByteBuffer
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(input, offset, 8);
        if (littleEndian) {
            // ByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder) 方法指定字节序,即大小端模式(BIG_ENDIAN/LITTLE_ENDIAN)
            // ByteBuffer 默认为大端(BIG_ENDIAN)模式
            buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        }
        return buffer.getLong();
    }

    /**
     * int 转 byte
     *
     * @param t
     * @return
     */
    public static byte int2Byte(int t) {
        return (byte) t;
    }

    /**
     * byte 转 int,解决java中byte输出可能为负数的问题
     *
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static int byte2Int(byte b) {
        return b & 0xFF;
    }

    /**
     * 将 object --> byte 数组
     *
     * @param obj
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] object2Bytes(Object obj) {
        byte[] bytes = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
            oos.writeObject(obj);
            oos.flush();
            bytes = bos.toByteArray();
            oos.close();
            bos.close();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 数组转对象
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public Object bytes2Object(byte[] bytes) {
        Object obj = null;
        try {
            ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
            obj = ois.readObject();
            ois.close();
            bis.close();
        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 两个byte[]是否相同
     *
     * @param data1
     * @param data2
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean bytesEquals(byte[] data1, byte[] data2) {
        return Arrays.equals(data1, data2);
    }

    /**
     * 截取byte[]
     *
     * @param data
     * @param position
     * @param length
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] subBytes(byte[] data, int position, int length) {
        byte[] temp = new byte[length];
        System.arraycopy(data, position, temp, 0, length);
        return temp;
    }

    /**
     * 拼接byte[] 和 byte[]
     *
     * @param bytes1
     * @param bytes2
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bytes1, byte[] bytes2) {
        byte[] bytes3 = new byte[bytes1.length + bytes2.length];
        System.arraycopy(bytes1, 0, bytes3, 0, bytes1.length);
        System.arraycopy(bytes2, 0, bytes3, bytes1.length, bytes2.length);
        return bytes3;
    }

    /**
     * 拼接byte 和 byte[]
     *
     * @param byte1
     * @param bytes2
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte byte1, byte[] bytes2) {
        byte[] bytes3 = new byte[1 + bytes2.length];
        bytes3[0] = byte1;
        System.arraycopy(bytes2, 0, bytes3, 1, bytes2.length);
        return bytes3;
    }

    /**
     * 拼接byte[] 和 byte
     *
     * @param bytes1
     * @param byte2
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bytes1, byte byte2) {
        byte[] bytes3 = new byte[1 + bytes1.length];
        System.arraycopy(bytes1, 0, bytes3, 0, bytes1.length);
        bytes3[bytes3.length - 1] = byte2;
        return bytes3;
    }

    /**
     * 拼接三个数组
     *
     * @param bt1
     * @param bt2
     * @param bt3
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bt1, byte[] bt2, byte[] bt3) {
        byte[] data = new byte[bt1.length + bt2.length + bt3.length];
        System.arraycopy(bt1, 0, data, 0, bt1.length);
        System.arraycopy(bt2, 0, data, bt1.length, bt2.length);
        System.arraycopy(bt3, 0, data, bt1.length + bt2.length, bt3.length);
        return data;
    }

    /**
     * byte转Hex 16 进制字符串
     */
    public static String byte2Hex(byte b) {
        String hex = Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF);
        if (hex.length() < 2) {
            hex = "0" + hex;
        }
        return hex;
    }

    /**
     * byte[]转Hex
     */
    public static String bytes2Hex(byte[] b) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
            if (hex.length() < 2) {
                hex = "0" + hex;
            }
            sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 字节数组转为16进制字符串
     */
    public static String bytes2Hex2(byte[] bytes) {
        String strHex = "";
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int n = 0; n < bytes.length; n++) {
            strHex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[n] & 0xFF);
            stringBuilder.append((strHex.length() == 1) ? "0" + strHex : strHex);
        }
        return stringBuilder.toString().trim();
    }

    /**
     * Hex转byte,hex只能含两个字符，如果是一个字符byte高位会是0
     */
    public static byte hex2Byte(String hex) {
        return (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex, 16);
    }

    /**
     * Hex转byte[]，两种情况，Hex长度为奇数最后一个字符会被舍去
     */
    public static byte[] hex2Bytes(String hex) {
        if (hex.length() < 1) {
            return null;
        } else {
            byte[] result = new byte[hex.length() / 2];
            int j = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < hex.length(); i += 2) {
                result[j++] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 字符串转为16进制字符串，推荐
     */
    public static String str2HexStr(String str) {
        char[] chars = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
        byte[] bs = str.getBytes();
        int bit;
        for (byte b : bs) {
            bit = (b & 0x0f0) >> 4;
            sb.append(chars[bit]);
            bit = b & 0x0f;
            sb.append(chars[bit]);
        }
        return sb.toString().trim();
    }

    /**
     * 16进制直接转换成为字符串(无需Unicode解码)，推荐
     *
     * @param hexStr
     * @return
     */
    public static String hexStr2Str(String hexStr) {
        String str = "0123456789ABCDEF";
        char[] hexs = hexStr.toCharArray();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2];
        int n;
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            n = str.indexOf(hexs[2 * i]) * 16;
            n += str.indexOf(hexs[2 * i + 1]);
            bytes[i] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
        }
        return new String(bytes);
    }


    public static byte[] hexString2Bytes(String src) {

        int l = src.length() / 2;

        byte[] ret = new byte[l];

        for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {

            ret[i] = (byte) Integer.valueOf(src.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16).byteValue();

        }

        return ret;

    }


    /**
     * 16进制字符串大端转小端
     * @param bigEndianHex
     * @return
     */
    public static String convertToLittleEndian(String bigEndianHex) {
        // 检查输入是否为偶数长度
        if (bigEndianHex.length() % 2 != 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input must have an even number of characters.");
        }

        // 将16进制字符串分割为每两个字符
        String[] bytePairs = bigEndianHex.split("(?<=\\G..)");

        // 反转字符对并重新连接
        StringBuilder littleEndianHex = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = bytePairs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            littleEndianHex.append(bytePairs[i]);
        }

        return littleEndianHex.toString().toUpperCase();
    }

    /**
     * 16进制转Ascii
     * @param hexStr
     * @return
     */
    public static String hexToAscii(String hexStr) {
        StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder("");
        for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length(); i += 2) {
            String str = hexStr.substring(i, i + 2);
            output.append((char) Integer.parseInt(str, 16));
        }
        return output.toString();
    }


}