python中getitem_python类__getitem__()方法

Python的__getitem__(self,n)方法为拦截索引运算

当实例s出现s[i]这样的索引运算时，Python会调用这个实例s继承的__getitem__(self,n)方法，并把s作为第一个参数传递（self）,将方括号内的索引值 i 传递给第二个参数 n

>>>class Square():

def __getitem__(self,n):

return n**2

>>>s = Square()

>>>s[2]

4

>>>s[6]

36

>>>class Fib():

def __getitem__(self,n):

a,b = 1,1

for x in range(n):

a,b = b, a + b

return a

>>> f = Fib() #创建了一个实例f

>>>f[0] # n = 0, x in range(0)--- x 为空， a = 1

1

>>>f[1] # n = 1, x = 0, a = b = 1,b=2

1

>>>f[2] # n = 2, x=1,a=b=2,b=3

2

>>>class Fib():

def __init__(self):

self.a,self.b = 0, 1

def __iter__(self):

return self

def __next__(self):

self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b

if self.a > 10000:

raise StopIteration()

return self.a

def __getitem__(self,n):

a,b = 1,1

for x in range(n):

a,b = b, a + b

return a

>>> f = Fib() #现在实例 f 既可以迭代，又可以根据索引来取值

>>>for i in f: #此时Python先寻找__iter__()方法，返回迭代器对象f（实例）,它继承了Fib()类的__next__()方法，接下来Python会重复调用实例 f 的next方法，直到抛出StopIteration异常

print(i)

.......

>>>f[0]

1

>>>f[5]

8