python 判断类型_Python 基础篇--学会数据类型，判断，循环，包的使用

前言

我觉得自学python 真的需要一个很好的笔记来支撑，特别是在刚开始的时候，很多代码和语句都不熟练，就会浪费很多的时间。所以我觉得在notebook上面记录自己的专属笔记也是一件不错的事情，希望我的笔记也可以帮助到有需要的人。

1.数据类型

前言

我觉得自学python 真的需要一个很好的笔记来支撑，特别是在刚开始的时候，很多代码和语句都不熟练，就会浪费很多的时间。所以我觉得在notebook上面记录自己的专属笔记也是一件不错的事情，希望我的笔记也可以帮助到有需要的人。

1.数据类型

#查看图片
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename="01/01.png")

Numbers

import math
print (math.pi)
print (math.sqrt(4))
import random
print (random.random())
print(random.choice([1,2,3,4]))
3.141592653589793
2.0
0.6900712124616972
1

Strings

strings是不能通过函数改变內部值的，想要增加需要用循环或者方程来解决

S= 'Yvonne'
print(len(S))
print(S[0])
print(S[-1])# The last character
print(S[:-1])# everything but the last character
6
Y
e
Yvonn
print(S*2) #repitition
S+'xyz'
YvonneYvonne





'Yvonnexyz'

具体的一些function

print(S.replace('Yv','Ja'))
S #replace 可以不改变原来的string，但是会产生另一个string
Jaonne





'Yvonne'
line='aaa,bbb,ccc,ddn'
line.rstrip()  # Remove whitespace characters on the right side
'aaa,bbb,ccc,dd'
'{},eggs, and {}'.format('spam','HHH')
'spam,eggs, and HHH'

Lists

string & list are quite similar, with one using() while the other using []

L= [123, 'spam', 1.23]
len(L)
3
print (L.pop(2))  #delete an item in the 3th places and show the item
L
1.23





[123, 'spam']
# another way to delete
del L[0]
L
['spam']
#list 可以做matrix
M =[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
print (M[1])
print(M[1][2])
[4, 5, 6]
6
diag=[M[i][i] for i in[0,1,2]]
print (diag)
[1, 5, 9]

Dictionaries, Tuples and Sets

Lists, Dictionaries and tuples all support mixed types and nesting, lists and dictionaries are mutable tuples are immutable

Dictionary 分为 key：value

Sets 集合， 没有重复元素的一个容器

2.判断条件

'''
多个条件判断
'''
age=int(input('输出狗狗的年龄，按enter键获取对应人类的年龄：'))
if age < 0 :
    print('狗狗年龄不能小于0')
elif age == 1:
    print('相当于14岁的人')
elif age == 2 :
    print('相当于22岁的人')
else:
    human=22+(age-2)*5
    print('对应人类年龄',human)
输出狗狗的年龄，按enter键获取对应人类的年龄：5
对应人类年龄 37

3. 循环条件

循环要注意三个值：input值，循环值i， output值

list=["我","爱","你"]
for i in list:
    print(i)
for j in list:
    print (j,"n")
for i in list:
    print(i,end="")
我
爱
你
我

爱

你

我爱你
for i in list:
    if (i=="爱"):
        continue
        print(i)
        break
    print(i)
我
你

4. packages 的使用

使用prompt安装packages： conda install pandas

import pandas as pd
import csv
filename= "D:ergcodepythoncodedatanalysisamazon_co-ecommerce_sample.csv"
#一定要记得转换符号
#关于UTF-8 报错的就按下面那个写
x=pd.read_csv('D://ergcode//pythoncode//datanalysis//amazon_co-ecommerce_sample.csv',encoding = "ISO-8859-1")
#读取训练集表头-就是每一个表格的Column name，列名
print(x.columns.values)
['uniq_id' 'product_name' 'manufacturer' 'price'
 'number_available_in_stock' 'number_of_reviews'
 'number_of_answered_questions' 'average_review_rating'
 'amazon_category_and_sub_category'
 'customers_who_bought_this_item_also_bought' 'description'
 'product_information' 'product_description'
 'items_customers_buy_after_viewing_this_item'
 'customer_questions_and_answers' 'customer_reviews' 'sellers'
 'Unnamed: 17' 'Unnamed: 18' 'Unnamed: 19' 'Unnamed: 20' 'Unnamed: 21'
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collections 的使用

from collections import deque
#定义队列：排队吃饭人的编号
queue=deque(['001','002','003','04','005'])
queue.append('006')
print(queue)
deque(['001', '002', '003', '04', '005', '006'])
queue.popleft() #出队：在队列头部删除元素
print(queue)
deque(['002', '003', '04', '005', '006'])
queue.pop()
print(queue) #删除最顶端的，或者说最新加进去的
deque(['002', '003', '04', '005'])
from collections import OrderedDict
#OrderedDict：按照插入key的顺序，对字典排序
from collections import Counter
cDict = Counter('有一种鸟是永远也关不住的，因为他们的羽毛太光亮了。羽毛太光亮')
print(cDict['亮'])
#出现次数最多的3个词
cDict.most_common(3)
2





[('的', 2), ('羽', 2), ('毛', 2)]