两种修改隔离级别的方法
事务具有ACID四种特性。
但是Isolation并发可能引起如下问题:
1.脏读
允许读取到未提交的脏数据。
2.不可重复读
如果你在时间点T1读取了一些记录,在T2时再想重新读取一次同样的这些记录时,这些记录可能已经被改变、或者消失不见。
3.幻读
解决了不重复读,保证了同一个事务里,查询的结果都是事务开始时的状态(一致性)。但是,如果另一个事务同时提交了新数据,本事务再更新时,就会“惊奇的”发现了这些新数据,貌似之前读到的数据是“鬼影”一样的幻觉。
由ANSI/ISO定义的SQL-92标准定义的四种隔离级别
1.Read Uncommitted
2.Read Committed
3.Repeatable Read
4.Serializable
隔离解别脏读不可重复读幻读
Read UncommittedYYY
Read CommittedNYY
Repeatable(default)NNY
SerializableNNN
下面用Mysql数据库做一些小实验
方法1:
用户可以用SET TRANSACTION语句改变单个会话或者所有新进连接的隔离级别。它的语法如下:
SET[SESSION | GLOBAL] TRANSACTIONISOLATION LEVEL{READ UNCOMMITTED| READ COMMITTED | REPEATABLE READ| SERIALIZABLE}
注意:默认的行为(不带session和global)是为下一个(未开始)事务设置隔离级别。如果你使用GLOBAL关键字,语句在全局对从那点开始创建的所有新连接(除了不存在的连接)设置默认事务级别。你需要SUPER权限来做这个。使用SESSION关键字为将来在当前连接上执行的事务设置默认事务级别。任何客户端都能自由改变会话隔离级别(甚至在事务的中间),或者为下一个事务设置隔离级别。你可以用下列语句查询全局和会话事务隔离级别:
SELECT@@global.tx_isolation;
SELECT@@session.tx_isolation;
SELECT@@tx_isolation;
网上有人使用set tx_isolation命令:
mysql> settx_isolation='read-committed';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00sec)+----------------+| @@tx_isolation |+----------------+| READ-COMMITTED|+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select@@session.tx_isolation;+------------------------+| @@session.tx_isolation|+------------------------+|READ-COMMITTED |+------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)事务隔离变了。网上还有人这样写set @@tx_isolation命令,但这个命令是有问题的。
mysql> set @@tx_isolation='read-committed';QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select@@session.tx_isolation;+------------------------+| @@session.tx_isolation|+------------------------+| REPEATABLE-READ |+------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;+-----------------+|@@tx_isolation |+-----------------+| REPEATABLE-READ |+-----------------+1row in set (0.00 sec)session事物的隔离级别并没有改变。
方法2:
[sql]viewplaincopy
1.mysql>selectversion();
2.+------------+
3.| version() |
4.+------------+
5.| 5.1.52-log |
6.+------------+
7.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
查看InnoDB存储引擎系统级的隔离级别和会话级的隔离级别
[sql]viewplaincopy
1.mysql>select@@global.tx_isolation,@@tx_isolation;
2.+-----------------------+-----------------+
3.| @@global.tx_isolation | @@tx_isolation |
4.+-----------------------+-----------------+
5.|REPEATABLE-READ|REPEATABLE-READ|
6.+-----------------------+-----------------+
7.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
更改会话级的隔离级别
[sql]viewplaincopy
1.Session 1:
2.mysql>setsession tx_isolation='read-uncommitted';
3.Query OK, 0rowsaffected (0.00 sec)
4.mysql>select@@global.tx_isolation,@@tx_isolation;
5.+-----------------------+------------------+
6.| @@global.tx_isolation | @@tx_isolation |
7.+-----------------------+------------------+
8.|REPEATABLE-READ|READ-UNCOMMITTED|
9.+-----------------------+------------------+
10.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
11.
12.
13.Session 2:
14.mysql>select@@global.tx_isolation, @@tx_isolation;
15.+-----------------------+-----------------+
16.| @@global.tx_isolation | @@tx_isolation |
17.+-----------------------+-----------------+
18.|REPEATABLE-READ|REPEATABLE-READ|
19.+-----------------------+-----------------+
20.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
更改系统级的隔离级别
[sql]viewplaincopy
1.Session 1:
2.mysql>setglobaltx_isolation='read-uncommitted';
3.Query OK, 0rowsaffected (0.00 sec)
4.mysql>select@@global.tx_isolation,@@tx_isolation;
5.+-----------------------+------------------+
6.| @@global.tx_isolation | @@tx_isolation |
7.+-----------------------+------------------+
8.|READ-UNCOMMITTED|READ-UNCOMMITTED|
9.+-----------------------+------------------+
10.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
11.
12.Session 2:
13.mysql>select@@global.tx_isolation, @@tx_isolation;
14.+-----------------------+-----------------+
15.| @@global.tx_isolation | @@tx_isolation |
16.+-----------------------+-----------------+
17.|READ-UNCOMMITTED|REPEATABLE-READ|
18.+-----------------------+-----------------+
19.1 row inset(0.00 sec)
关闭SQL语句的自动提交
[sql]viewplaincopy
1.mysql>setautocommit=off;
2.Query OK, 0rowsaffected (0.00 sec)
查看SQL语句自动提交是否关闭
[plain]viewplaincopy
1.mysql> show variables like 'autocommit';
2.+---------------+-------+
3.| Variable_name | Value |
4.+---------------+-------+
5.| autocommit | OFF |
6.+---------------+-------+
7.1 row in set (0.00 sec)
不重启修改MySQL的方法
在线修改mysql的系统变量:
mysql> show variables like 'log_slave_updates';+-------------------+-------+|Variable_name|Value |+-------------------+-------+| log_slave_updates | ON|+-------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global log_slave_updates=0;ERROR1193 (HY000): Unknown system variable 'log_slave_updates'
mysql>system gdb -p $(pidof mysqld) -ex"set opt_log_slave_updates=0" -batchExcess command line argumentsignored. (9922 ...)19885: No such file or directory.(no debugging symbolsfound)Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".(nodebugging symbols found)(no debugging symbols found)(no debugging symbolsfound)(no debugging symbols found)[Thread debugging using libthread_dbenabled][New Thread 47873757603968 (LWP 12328)][New Thread 1166383424 (LWP12341)][New Thread 1166117184 (LWP 12339)][New Thread 1092294976 (LWP12338)][New Thread 1165850944 (LWP 12337)][New Thread 1155361088 (LWP12336)][New Thread 1144871232 (LWP 12335)][New Thread 1134381376 (LWP12333)][New Thread 1123891520 (LWP 12332)][New Thread 1113401664 (LWP 12331)][NewThread 1102911808 (LWP 12330)](no debugging symbols found)(no debugging symbolsfound)(no debugging symbols found)(no debugging symbols found)(no debuggingsymbols found)(no debugging symbols found)(no debugging symbols found)(nodebugging symbols found)0x00000039314cb332 in select () from /lib64/libc.so.6
mysql> show variables like 'log_slave_updates';+-------------------+-------+|Variable_name|Value |+-------------------+-------+| log_slave_updates | OFF|+-------------------+-------+1row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL系统参数设置
InonoDB参数设置
演练参数
innodb_buffer_pool_size