Linux前后台任务实用操作

我们知道，Linux 是一个多任务的操作系统，也就是说，在同一时间，系统可以运行多个任务。在带界面的 Linux 发行版下，我们可以很轻松通过鼠标来进行多任务的切换。但是，在终端下，操作几乎是脱离鼠标的，如何进行任务的前后台管理呢？
对于任务的管理，我们一般有如下几个需求：

将进程切换到前台

将进程切换到后台

查看后台任务

终止后台任务

为了演示这几个需求，我们搬出伟大的 Hello World 程序：

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# ls -l
#这三个脚本源码相同
total 12
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 70 Feb 21 17:25 HelloWorld1.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 70 Feb 21 17:25 HelloWorld2.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 70 Feb 21 17:26 HelloWorld3.sh
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# cat HelloWorld1.sh
#!/bin/bash

while true
do
echo “Hello World!”
sleep 1
done
开启后台任务

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[1] 65139
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt &
[2] 65145
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt &
[3] 65155
jobs -l 查看后台任务

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# jobs -l
[1] 65139 Running ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[2]- 65145 Running ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt &
[3]+ 65155 Running ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt &
fg 把指定的后台任务调到前台

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# fg %2
./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt
^Z
#Ctrl + Z将前台任务切到后台并停止运行
[2]+ Stopped ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# jobs -l
[1] 65139 Running ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[2]+ 65145 Stopped ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt
[3]- 65155 Running ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt &
bg 使后台停止运行的任务重新运行

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# bg %2
[2]+ ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt &
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# jobs -l
[1] 65139 Running ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[2]- 65145 Running ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt &
[3]+ 65155 Running ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt &
kill 杀掉后台进程

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# kill 65145
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# jobs -l
[1] 65139 Running ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[2]- 65145 Terminated ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt
[3]+ 65155 Running ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt &
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# kill %3
root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# jobs -l
[1]- 65139 Running ./HelloWorld1.sh > test1.txt &
[2]- 65145 Terminated ./HelloWorld2.sh > test1.txt
[3]+ 65155 Terminated ./HelloWorld3.sh > test1.txt