异常(实际使用直接try-catch)
1.常见系统异常
异常
异常的解释
ClassNotFoundException
未找到要装载的类
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
数组访问越界
FileNotFoundException
文件找不到
IOException
输入、输出错误
NullPointerException
空指针访问
ArithmeticException
算术运算错误,如除数为0
NumberFormatException
数字格式错误
InterruptedException
中断异常。
2.自定义异常
(1)定义异常类—继承Exception类
(2)在方法内抛出异常
throw new 异常类();
(3)声明方法存在异常
在方法头的尾部加上:throws 异常类列表
3.实战
1.假设学校开设舞蹈课程,输入男生、女生的数量,如果男生或女生的数量为0,则舞蹈课程无法开设,如果不为0,则根据男生/女生人数的多少计算男生/女生的partner数量。请用异常类处理数量为0的情况,重新编写下面的代码。
要求运行结果如下:
主函数
public classDancerLesson {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
Scanner input=newScanner(System.in);try{
System.out.println("Enter number of male dancers:");int men=input.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter number of female dancers:");int women=input.nextInt();if(men==0||women==0)throw newmyExcpetion(men,women);else{if(men>=women)
System.out.println("Each woman must dance with"+men/(double)women+"men.");elseSystem.out.println("Each man must dance with"+women/(double)men+"women.");
System.out.println("Begin the lesson");
}
}catch(myExcpetion e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
异常类
public class myExcpetion extendsException {publicString tostring() {return "人数错误";
}public myExcpetion(int men,intwomen) {
System.out.print("Lesson is canceled.");if(men==0&&women==0)
System.out.println("No student");else if(men>0&&women==0)
System.out.println("No men");elseSystem.out.println("No women");
结果
2.要求声明定义两个Exception的异常子类:NoLowerLetter类和NoDigit类
再声明一个People类,该类中的void printLetter(char c)方法抛出NoLowerLetter异常类对象,void
printDigit(char c)方法抛出NoDigit异常类对象。请补充下列代码中【代码1】到【代码6】
//ExceptionExample.java
public class NoLowerLetter //类声明,声明一个Exception的子类NoLowerLetter
{public voidprint() {
System.out.printf("%c",'#');
}
}public class NoDigit extends Exception //类声明,声明一个Exception的子类NoDigit
{public voidprint() {
System.out.printf("%c",'*');
}
}classPeople {void printLetter(char c) throwsNoLowerLetter {if(c'z') {
NoLowerLetter noLowerLetter= new NoLowerLetter(); //创建NoLowerLetter类型对象
throw noLowerLetter; //抛出noLowerLetter
}else{
System.out.print(c);
}
}void printDigit(char c) throwsNoDigit {if(c'9') {
NoDigit noDigit= new NoDigit(); //创建NoDigit()类型对象
throw noDigit; //抛出noDigit
}else{
System.out.print(c);
}
}
}public classExceptionExample {public static voidmain (String args[ ]){
People people=newPeople( );for(int i=0;i<128;i++) {try{
people.printLetter((char)i);
}catch(NoLowerLetter e)
{
e.print();
}
}for(int i=0;i<128;i++) {try{
people.printDigit((char)i);
}catch(NoDigit e)
{
e.print( );
}
}
}
}
3.选择题
1)设有如下代码:
try{
tryThis();return;
}catch(IOException x1) {
System.out.println("exception 1");return;
}catch(Exception x2) {
System.out.println("exception 2");return;
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
如果tryThis() 抛出NumberFormatException,则输出结果是? (C)
A. 无输出
B. "exception 1", 后跟"finally"
C. "exception 2", 后跟"finally"
D. "exception 1"
E. "exception 2"
2)设有如下方法:
public voidtest() {try{ oneMethod();
System.out.println("condition 1");
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("condition 2");
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("condition 3");
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
}
如果oneMethod正常运行,则输出结果中有哪些?(AD)
A. condition 1
B. condition 2
C. condition 3
D. finally
3) 设有如下代码:
public voidfun () {inti;try{
i=System.in.read ();
System.out.println("Location 1");
}catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println("Location 2");
}finally{
System.out.println("Location 3");
}
System.out.println("Location 4");
}
如果有一个IOException发生, 则输出有哪些?(BCD)
A. Location 1
B. Location 2
C. Location 3
D. Location 4
4)设有如下代码:
1 String s = null2 if ( s != null & s.length() > 0)3 System.out.println("s != null & s.length() > 0");4 if ( s != null && s.length() > 0)5 System.out.println("s != null & s.length() > 0");6 if ( s != null || s.length() > 0)7 System.out.println("s != null & s.length() > 0");8 if ( s != null | s.length() > 0)9 System.out.println("s != null | s.length() > 0");
以下行中哪些会产生空指针异常。(D)
A. 2,4
B. 6,8
C. 2,4,6,8
D. 2,6,8
5) 类Test1、Test2定义如下:
1.public classTest1 {2. public float aMethod(float a,float b) throwsIOException {3. }4. }5. public class Test2 extendsTest1{6.7.
将以下哪种方法插入行6是不合法的。(A)
A、float aMethod(float a,float b){ }
B、public int aMethod(int a,int b)throws Exception{ }
C、public float aMethod(float p,float q){ }
D、public int aMethod(int a,int b)throws IOException{ }