python常见的数据类型形式化定义_concepts-用Python进行形式化概念分析-Sebastian Bank Links Installation Quickstart Further re...-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39894473/article/details/112882205

作者:Sebastian Bank

作者邮箱:sebastian.bank@uni-leipzig.de

首页:https://github.com/xflr6/concepts

文档:None

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Concepts

Concepts is a simple Python implementation of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA_).

FCA provides a mathematical model for describing a set of objects (e.g. King Arthur, Sir Robin, and the holy grail) with a set of properties (e.g. human, knight, king, and mysterious) which each of the objects either has or not. A table called formal context defines which objects have a given property and vice versa which properties a given object has.

Links

GitHub: https://github.com/xflr6/concepts

PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/

Documentation: https://concepts.readthedocs.io

Changelog: https://concepts.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html

Issue Tracker: https://github.com/xflr6/concepts/issues

Download: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/#files

Installation

This package runs under Python 2.7 and 3.5+, use pip_ to install:

.. code:: bash

$ pip install concepts

This will also install the bitsets_ and graphviz_ packages from PyPI as required dependencies.

Rendering lattice graphs depends on the Graphviz software_. Make sure its dot executable is on your systems' path.

Quickstart

Create a formal context defining which object has which property, e.g. from a simple ASCII-art style cross-table with object rows and property columns (alternatively load a CXT or CSV file):

.. code:: python

>>> from concepts import Context

>>> c = Context.fromstring('''

... King Arthur| X | X | X | |

... Sir Robin | X | X | | |

... holy grail | | | | X |

... ''')

>>> c # doctest: +ELLIPSIS

Query common properties of objects or common objects of properties (derivation):

.. code:: python

>>> c.intension(['King Arthur', 'Sir Robin'])

('human', 'knight')

>>> c.extension(['knight', 'mysterious'])

()

Get the closest matching objects-properties pair of objects or properties (formal concepts):

.. code:: python

>>> c['Sir Robin', 'holy grail']

(('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin', 'holy grail'), ())

>>> c['king',]

(('King Arthur',), ('human', 'knight', 'king'))

Iterate over the concept lattice of all objects-properties pairs:

.. code:: python

>>> for extent, intent in c.lattice:

... print('%r %r' % (extent, intent))

() ('human', 'knight', 'king', 'mysterious')

('King Arthur',) ('human', 'knight', 'king')

('holy grail',) ('mysterious',)

('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin') ('human', 'knight')

('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin', 'holy grail') ()

Make a Graphviz visualization of the lattice (use .graphviz(view=True) to directly render it and display the resulting PDF):

.. code:: python

>>> c.lattice.graphviz() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS

.. image:: https://raw.github.com/xflr6/concepts/master/docs/holy-grail.png :align: center

See also

The implementation is based on these Python packages:

bitsets_ |--| Ordered subsets over a predefined domain

graphviz_ |--| Simple Python interface for Graphviz

The following package is build on top of concepts:

features_ |--| Feature set algebra for linguistics

If you want to apply FCA to bigger data sets, you might want to consider other implementations_ based on more sophisticated algorithms_ like In-Close_ or Fcbo_.

License

Concepts is distributed under the MIT license_.

.. FCA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalconcept_analysis .. _Fast Concept Analysis: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.948 .. _FCA homepage: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/examples.html

.. _pip: https://pip.readthedocs.io .. _Graphviz software: http://www.graphviz.org

.. _bitsets: https://pypi.org/project/bitsets/ .. _graphviz: https://pypi.org/project/graphviz/ .. _features: https://pypi.org/project/features/

.. _other implementations: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/fcasoftware.html .. _more sophisticated algorithms: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/fcaalgorithms.html .. _In-Close: https://sourceforge.net/projects/inclose/ .. _Fcbo: http://fcalgs.sourceforge.net

.. _MIT license: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

.. |--| unicode:: U+2013

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