mysql指定库执行sql语句,Shell脚本中执行sql语句操作mysql的5种方法

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。

1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中

--演示环境

[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue

CentOS release 5.9 (Final)

Kernel \r on an \m

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';

+---------------+------------+

| Variable_name | Value      |

+---------------+------------+

| version       | 5.6.12-log |

+---------------+------------+

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Define log

TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`

LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log

echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}

# execute sql stat

mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "

tee /tmp/temp.log

drop database if exists tempdb;

create database tempdb;

use tempdb

create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));

insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');

select * from tb_tmp;

notee

quit"

echo -e "\n">>${LOG}

echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}

cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}

echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}

exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

+------+-------+

| id   | val   |

+------+-------+

|    1 | jack  |

|    2 | robin |

|    3 | mark  |

+------+-------+

Outfile disabled.

2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件

[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql

tee /tmp/temp.log

drop database if exists tempdb;

create database tempdb;

use tempdb

create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));

insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');

select * from tb_tmp;

notee

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

+------+-------+

| id   | val   |

+------+-------+

|    1 | jack  |

|    2 | robin |

|    3 | mark  |

+------+-------+

Outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用SQL文件

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id      val

1       jack

2       robin

3       mark

Outfile disabled.

#使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 /tmp/temp.log

[root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id      val

1       jack

2       robin

3       mark

Outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh

#!/bin/bash

mysql -uroot -p123456 <

source /root/temp.sql;

select current_date();

delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;

select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;

EOF

exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id      val

1       jack

2       robin

3       mark

Outfile disabled.

current_date()

2014-10-14

id      val

2       robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh

#!/bin/bash

cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"

cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")

echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"

exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Current count is : 3

[root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s

3

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh

#!/bin/bash

id=1

cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"

cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")

echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"

exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh

Current count is : 1

#以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。