python global和nonlocal_python的global和nonlocal

The global statement can be used to indicate that particular variables live in the global scope and should be rebound there; the nonlocal statement indicates that particular variables live in an enclosing scope and should be rebound there.

还是看python代码来理解吧，这是官方的示例，注释是麦新杰加的：

def scope_test():

def do_local():

spam = "local spam" #do_local()函数本地的变量，谁都不影响

def do_nonlocal():

nonlocal spam

spam = "nonlocal spam" #申明这个spam变量是来自外层namespace

def do_global():

global spam

spam = "global spam" #申明这个spam变量来自全局namespace，注意，这个全局变量在此之前还不存在

spam = "test spam"

do_local()

print("After local assignment:", spam)

do_nonlocal()

print("After nonlocal assignment:", spam)

do_global()

print("After global assignment:", spam)

scope_test()

print("In global scope:", spam)

这段代码运行的结果如下：

After local assignment: test spam

After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam

After global assignment: nonlocal spam # 代码执行到这里，实际上是申明了一个全局变量并给它赋值。

In global scope: global spam

这样，我们就理解了python的global和nonlocal申明的含义。