xml xpath java_Java解析xml-XPath解析

文章非个人原创，内容copy自：[易百教程]https://www.yiibai.com/java_xml/java_xpath_parser.html

XPath是万维网联盟(W3C)的官方推荐。它定义了一个语言在XML文件中查找信息。它被用于遍历XML文档的元素和属性。 XPath提供各种类型，可用于从XML文档查询相关的信息表现形式。

XPath使用步骤

1.导入XML相关的软件包

import org.w3c.dom.*;import org.xml.sax.*;import javax.xml.parsers.*;import javax.xml.xpath.*;import java.io.*;

2.创建DocumentBuilder

DocumentBuilderFactory factory =DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

DocumentBuilder builder= factory.newDocumentBuilder();

3.从文件或数据流创建一个文档

StringBuilder xmlStringBuilder = newStringBuilder();

xmlStringBuilder.append("<?xml version="1.0"?> ");

ByteArrayInputStream input= newByteArrayInputStream(

xmlStringBuilder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));

Document doc= builder.parse(input);

4.创建XPath对象

XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();

5.编译XPath表达式使用XPath.compile() ，并由XPath.evaluate()评估计算获得一个节点列表

String expression = "/class/student";

NodeList nodeList= (NodeList) xPath.compile(expression).evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);

6.遍历节点列表。

for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {

Node nNode=nodeList.item(i);

...

}

7.检查属性

//returns specific attribute

getAttribute("attributeName");//returns a Map (table) of names/values

getAttributes();

8.检查子元素

//returns a list of subelements of specified name

getElementsByTagName("subelementName");//returns a list of all child nodes

getChildNodes();

demo案例

xml.txt

dinkar

kad

dinkar

85

Vaneet

Gupta

vinni

95

jasvir

singh

jazz

90

XPathParserDemo.java

importjava.io.File;importjava.io.IOException;importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;importjavax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;importjavax.xml.xpath.XPath;importjavax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;importjavax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;importjavax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;importorg.w3c.dom.Document;importorg.w3c.dom.NodeList;importorg.w3c.dom.Node;importorg.w3c.dom.Element;importorg.xml.sax.SAXException;public classXPathParserDemo {public static voidmain(String[] args) {try{

File inputFile= new File("./xml.txt");

DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

DocumentBuilder dBuilder;

dBuilder=dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();

Document doc=dBuilder.parse(inputFile);

doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

XPath xPath=XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();

String expression= "/class/student";

NodeList nodeList=(NodeList) xPath.compile(expression).evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {

Node nNode=nodeList.item(i);

System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :"

+nNode.getNodeName());if (nNode.getNodeType() ==Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {

Element eElement=(Element) nNode;

System.out.println("Student roll no : "

+ eElement.getAttribute("rollno"));

System.out.println("First Name : "

+eElement

.getElementsByTagName("firstname")

.item(0)

.getTextContent());

System.out.println("Last Name : "

+eElement

.getElementsByTagName("lastname")

.item(0)

.getTextContent());

System.out.println("Nick Name : "

+eElement

.getElementsByTagName("nickname")

.item(0)

.getTextContent());

System.out.println("Marks : "

+eElement

.getElementsByTagName("marks")

.item(0)

.getTextContent());

}

}

}catch(ParserConfigurationException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch(SAXException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch(IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch(XPathExpressionException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

执行的结果：

Current Element :student

Student roll no : 393

First Name : dinkar

Last Name : kad

Nick Name : dinkar

Marks : 85

Current Element :student

Student roll no : 493

First Name : Vaneet

Last Name : Gupta

Nick Name : vinni

Marks : 95

Current Element :student

Student roll no : 593

First Name : jasvir

Last Name : singh

Nick Name : jazz

Marks : 90