oracle data-1,Oracle Database（1）

Oracle Database

一：An Oracle database:Consists of three file types

Control Data files

Redo files

log files

二：Physical Structure：determined by the operating system files

三：Memory Structure

1.System Global Area (SGA): Allocated at instance

startup, and is a fundamental component of an

Oracle Instance

2.Program Global Area (PGA): Allocated when the

server process is started

System Global Area (SGA)

SGA is dynamic and sized using SGA_MAX_SIZE.

The SGA consists of several memory structures:

–Shared pool

–Database buffer cache

–Redo log buffer

–Other structures (e.g. lock and latch management,

statistical data)

There are two optional memory structures that can

be configured within the SGA:

–Large pool

–Java pool

Shared Pool

Sized by the parameter：SHARED_POOL_SIZE.

The shared pool is used to store the most recently

executed SQL statements and the most recently used

data definitions.

It consists of two key performance-related memory

structures:

–Library cache：

Stores information about the most recently used SQL and PL/SQL statements、

–

Data dictionary cache

a collection of the most recently used definitions in the database.

Database Buffer Cache

Sized by the parameter：DB_BLOCK_SIZE

shrink[ʃriŋk]收缩using ALTER SYSTEM.

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CACHE_SIZE = 96M;

stores copies of data blocks that have been retrieved from the data files.

Consists of independent sub-caches:

–DB_CACHE_SIZE

–DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE

–

DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE

Redo Log Buffer Cache： Its primary purpose is recovery.

Size is defined by LOG_BUFFER.

records all changes made to the database data blocks.

Other structures

ALTER SYSTEM SET LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 64M;

Large Pool:It relieves减轻,the burden重载placed on the shared pool.

Java Pool:parsing requirements for Java commands.JAVA_POOL_SIZE

Program Global Area (PGA)

The PGA is memory reserved保留for each user process that connects to an Oracle database.

Process Structure

is a program that depending on its type can request information, execute a series of

steps, or perform a specific task.

1. User process: Started at the time a database user requests connection to the Oracle server

* It must first establish a connection.

* It does not interact相互作用directly with the Oracle server.

2. Server process: Connects to the Oracle Instance and is started when a user establishes a session.

*It fulfills完成calls generated产生and returns results.

*Can be dedicated献出or shared server.

3. Background process: Available when an Oracle instance is started

the physical and memory structures is maintained and enforced by Oracle’s

background processes.

Mandatory background processes

DBWn(Database Writer) PMON (Process Monitor)CKPT(Checkpoint)

LGWR(Log Writer )SMON (System Monitor) RECO(Archiver)

Logical Structure

A hierarchy['haiərɑ:ki]等级制度exists in this structure that consists of tablespaces, segments, extents, and blocks.