mysql数据恢复update_MySQL 误操作后数据恢复(update,delete忘加where条件)

本文介绍了在MySQL中,如果执行update语句时忘记加where条件导致数据错误,如何通过binlog进行恢复。首先,创建并填充测试数据,然后展示错误的update操作。接着,通过分析binlog找到错误更新的记录,将其转换为可执行的SQL语句,用于恢复数据。最后,演示了恢复过程,恢复后的数据与误操作前一致。该方法适用于binlog格式为ROW的情况。
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一. update 忘加where条件误操作恢复数据(binglog格式必须是ROW)

1.创建测试用的数据表

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> create table t1 (

-> id int unsigned not null auto_increment,

-> name char(20) not null,

-> sex enum('f','m') not null default 'm',

-> address varchar(30) not null,

-> primary key(id)

-> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

2.插入测试数据

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('daiiy','m','guangzhou');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('tom','f','shanghai');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('liany','m','beijing');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('lilu','m','zhuhai');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

3.现在需要将id等于2的用户的地址改为zhuhai,update时没有添加where条件

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| id | name | sex | address |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| 1 | daiiy | m | guangzhou |

| 2 | tom | f | shanghai |

| 3 | liany | m | beijing |

| 4 | lilu | m | zhuhai |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> update t1 set address='zhuhai';

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+-------+-----+---------+

| id | name | sex | address |

+----+-------+-----+---------+

| 1 | daiiy | m | zhuhai |

| 2 | tom | f | zhuhai |

| 3 | liany | m | zhuhai |

| 4 | lilu | m | zhuhai |

+----+-------+-----+---------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

4.开始恢复,在线上的话,应该比较复杂,要先进行锁表,以免数据再次被污染。(锁表,查看正在写哪个二进制日志)

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> lock tables t1 read ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000024 | 1852 | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

5.分析二进制日志,并且在其中找到相关记录,在更新时是address='zhuhai',我们可以在日志中过滤出来。

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000024 | grep -B 15 'zhuhai'

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

# at 1629# at 1679

#140305 10:52:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1679 Table_map: `db01`.`t1` mapped to number 38

#140305 10:52:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1825 Update_rows: table id 38 flags: STMT_END_F

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

可以看见里面记录了每一行的变化,这也是binglog格式要一定是row才行的原因。其中@1,@2,@3,@4,分别对应表中id,name,sex,address字段。相信大家看到这里有点明白了吧,对,没错,你猜到了,我们将相关记录转换为sql语句,重新导入数据库。

6.处理分析处理的二进制日志

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000024 | sed -n '/# at 1679/,/COMMIT/p' > t1.txt

[root@localhost mysql]# cat t1.txt

# at1679

#140305 10:52:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1679 Table_map: `db01`.`t1` mapped to number 38

#140305 10:52:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1825 Update_rows: table id 38 flags: STMT_END_F

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### UPDATE db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### SET

### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

# at 1825

#140305 10:52:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1852 Xid = 26

COMMIT/*!*/;

[root@localhost mysql]#

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

这里sed有点复杂,需要童鞋们好好自己研究研究,这里我就不多说了。

[root@localhost mysql]# sed '/WHERE/{:a;N;/SET/!ba;s/\([^\n]*\)\n\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\3\n\2\n\1/}' t1.txt | sed -r '/WHERE/{:a;N;/@4/!ba;s/### @2.*//g}' | sed 's/### //g;s/\/\*.*/,/g' | sed '/WHERE/{:a;N;/@1/!ba;s/,/;/g};s/#.*//g;s/COMMIT,//g' | sed '/^$/d' > recover.sql

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

[root@localhost mysql]# cat recover.sql

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

@1=1 ,

@2='daiiy' ,

@3=2 ,

@4='guangzhou' ,

WHERE

@1=1 ;

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

@1=2 ,

@2='tom' ,

@3=1 ,

@4='shanghai' ,

WHERE

@1=2 ;

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

@1=3 ,

@2='liany' ,

@3=2 ,

@4='beijing' ,

WHERE

@1=3 ;

[root@localhost mysql]#

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

将文件中的@1,@2,@3,@4替换为t1表中id,name,sex,address字段,并删除最后字段的","号

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

[root@localhost mysql]# sed -i 's/@1/id/g;s/@2/name/g;s/@3/sex/g;s/@4/address/g' recover.sql

[root@localhost mysql]# sed -i -r 's/(address=.*),/\1/g' recover.sql

[root@localhost mysql]# cat recover.sql

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

id=1 ,

name='daiiy' ,

sex=2 ,

address='guangzhou'

WHERE

id=1 ;

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

id=2 ,

name='tom' ,

sex=1 ,

address='shanghai'

WHERE

id=2 ;

UPDATE db01.t1

SET

id=3 ,

name='liany' ,

sex=2 ,

address='beijing'

WHERE

id=3 ;

[root@localhost mysql]#

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

7.到这里日志就处理好了,现在导入即可(导入数据后,解锁表);

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> source recover.sql;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| id | name | sex | address |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| 1 | daiiy | m | guangzhou |

| 2 | tom | f | shanghai |

| 3 | liany | m | beijing |

| 4 | lilu | m | zhuhai |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

可以看见数据已经完全恢复,这种方法的优点是快速,方便。

二. delete 忘加where条件误删除恢复(binglog格式必须是ROW)

其实这和update忘加条件差不多,不过这处理更简单,这里就用上面那张表做测试吧

1.模拟误删除数据

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| id | name | sex | address |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| 1 | daiiy | m | guangzhou |

| 2 | tom | f | shanghai |

| 3 | liany | m | beijing |

| 4 | lilu | m | zhuhai |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from t1;

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

2.在binglog中去查找相关记录

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v -v mysql-bin.000024 | sed -n '/### DELETE FROM db01.t1/,/COMMIT/p' > delete.txt

[root@localhost mysql]# cat delete.txt

### DELETE FROM db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### DELETE FROM db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### DELETE FROM db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### DELETE FROM db01.t1

### WHERE

### @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @2='lilu' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

### @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */

# at 2719

#140305 11:41:00 server id 1 end_log_pos 2746 Xid = 78

COMMIT/*!*/;

[root@localhost mysql]#

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

3.将记录转换为SQL语句

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

[root@localhost mysql]# cat delete.txt | sed -n '/###/p' | sed 's/### //g;s/\/\*.*/,/g;s/DELETE FROM/INSERT INTO/g;s/WHERE/SELECT/g;' | sed -r 's/(@4.*),/\1;/g' | sed 's/@[1-9]=//g' > t1.sql

[root@localhost mysql]# cat t1.sql

INSERT INTO db01.t1

SELECT

1 ,

'daiiy' ,

2 ,

'guangzhou' ;

INSERT INTO db01.t1

SELECT

2 ,

'tom' ,

1 ,

'shanghai' ;

INSERT INTO db01.t1

SELECT

3 ,

'liany' ,

2 ,

'beijing' ;

INSERT INTO db01.t1

SELECT

4 ,

'lilu' ,

2 ,

'zhuhai' ;

[root@localhost mysql]#

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

4.导入数据,验证数据完整性

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> source t1.sql;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected

mysql> select * from db01.t1;

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| id | name | sex | address |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

| 1 | daiiy | m | guangzhou |

| 2 | tom | f | shanghai |

| 3 | liany | m | beijing |

| 4 | lilu | m | zhuhai |

+----+-------+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

到这里数据就完整回来了。将binglog格式设置为row有利有弊,好处是记录了每一行的实际变化,在主从复制时也不容易出问题。但是由于记录每行的变化,会占用大量磁盘,主从复制时带宽占用会有所消耗。到底是使用row还是mixed,需要在实际工作中自己去衡量,但从整体上来说,binglog的格式设置为row,都是不二的选择。

总结:

所以在数据库操作的过程中我们需要格外小心,当然开发那边我们需要做好权限的控制,不过有一个参数可以解决我们的问题,让我们不用担心类似的问题发生:

在[mysql]段落开启这个参数:

safe-updates

这样当我们在做DML操作时忘记加where条件时,mysqld服务器是不会执行操作的:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+------------------+

| id | name |

+----+------------------+

| 1 | yayun |

| 2 | atlas |

| 3 | mysql |

| 6 | good yayun heheh |

+----+------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from t1;

ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column

mysql>

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