python排序返回索引_Python Numpy 拷贝、排序、索引排序

1. 拷贝

1. 指向同一块内存

测试代码

a = np.arange(12)

print(a)

b = a

print(b is a)

# 修改矩阵b的结构

b.shape = 3, 4

# 矩阵a的结构也被修改

print(a.shape)

# 内存地址相同

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

结果

True

(3, 4)

2550115223472

2550115223472

2. 浅拷贝

虽然指向不同，但共用了数据值

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = np.arange(12)

c = a.view()

print(c is a)

c.shape = 2, 6

# a的结构没有修改

print(a.shape)

c[0, 4] = 1234

# id不相同

print(id(a))

print(id(c))

# 矩阵a数据值被修改了

print(a)

结果

False

(12,)

2433804093360

2433804093600

[ 0 1 2 3 1234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]

3. 深拷贝

完全拷贝，互不影响

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = np.arange(12)

d = a.copy()

print(d is a)

d[0] = 9999

print(d)

print(a)

结果

False

[9999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]

[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]

2. 排序

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = (10 * np.random.random(9)).reshape(3, 3)

print(a, '\n')

# 按行排序

print(np.sort(a, axis=1), '\n')

# 按列排序

print(np.sort(a, axis=0))

结果

[[1.21241773 5.58488323 7.64504609]

[6.15513022 2.22587255 2.1503628 ]

[4.93324292 8.81117338 0.67988218]]

[[1.21241773 5.58488323 7.64504609]

[2.1503628 2.22587255 6.15513022]

[0.67988218 4.93324292 8.81117338]]

[[1.21241773 2.22587255 0.67988218]

[4.93324292 5.58488323 2.1503628 ]

[6.15513022 8.81117338 7.64504609]]

3. 索引

1. 查找矩阵中最大值的索引

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = (10 * np.random.random(9)).reshape(3, 3)

print(a, '\n')

# 查找最大索引

# 按行查找

print(np.argmax(a, axis=1))

# 按列查找

print(np.argmax(a, axis=0))

结果

[[0.76985512 1.15680858 1.92320952]

[2.34328735 3.8422487 7.74842892]

[9.70479806 5.39034717 3.94886746]]

[2 2 0]

[2 2 1]

2. 根据索引查找最大的值

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = (10 * np.random.random(9)).reshape(3, 3)

print(a, '\n')

ind = a.argmax(axis=0)

# a.shape[1]=4，表示共有4列

dataMax = a[ind, range(a.shape[1])]

print(dataMax)

结果

[[8.17963622 2.39383316 9.89705797]

[1.29138537 2.31341151 7.90212905]

[9.39447502 3.55331397 9.41707734]]

[9.39447502 3.55331397 9.89705797]

3. 索引排序

测试代码

import numpy as np

a = (10 * np.random.random(9)).reshape(3, 3)

print(a, '\n')

# 按行进行索引排序，返回排序好的数值在该行的索引

print(np.argsort(a, axis=1), '\n')

# 按列进行索引排序

print(np.argsort(a, axis=0))

结果

[[6.79752461 7.3727076 2.16523161]

[1.14164138 8.26044896 1.08036863]

[2.14832383 6.11497858 5.64668565]]

[[2 0 1]

[2 0 1]

[0 2 1]]

[[1 2 1]

[2 0 0]

[0 1 2]]