python怎么导入数据文件_数据从txt文本导入python

机器学习实战 p21

源代码：

def file2matrix(filename):

fr = open(filename)

numberOfLines = len(fr.readlines()) #get the number of lines in the file

returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines,3)) #prepare matrix to return

classLabelVector = [] #prepare labels return

fr = open(filename)

index = 0

for line in fr.readlines():

line = line.strip()

listFromLine = line.split(‘\t‘)

returnMat[index,:] = listFromLine[0:3]

classLabelVector.append(int(listFromLine[-1])) 此句报错

index += 1

return returnMat,classLabelVector

报错如下：

>>> mat,label = kNN.file2matrix(‘datingTestSet.txt‘)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

File "kNN.py", line 50, in file2matrix

classLabelVector.append(int(listFromLine[-1]))

ValueError: could not convert string to int: largeDoses

解决方法：

listFromLine[-1]的值形似如下格式，带有回车换行符

largeDoses\r\n

smallDoses\r\n

didntLike\r\n

didntLike\r\n

didntLike\r\n

要将字母字符串转换为int类型是不可能的。

作者定义largeDoses 为3，smallDoses 为2，didntLike为1

于是笔者增加了一个字典类型

d = {‘didntLike‘: 1, ‘smallDoses‘: 2, ‘largeDoses‘: 3}

通过d[listFromLine[-1]]得到对应的label

更改后的代码如下：

rf.py

from numpy import *

import operator

from os import listdir

def rf(filename):

fr = open(filename)

numberOfLines = len(fr.readlines()) #get the number of lines in the file

returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines,3)) #prepare matrix to return

d = {‘didntLike‘: 1, ‘smallDoses‘: 2, ‘largeDoses‘: 3}

classLabelVector = []

index = 0

fr = open(filename)

for line in fr.readlines():

listFromLine = line.split(‘\t‘)

returnMat[index,:] = listFromLine[0:3]

listFromLine[-1] = listFromLine[-1][0:-2] #去除尾端的回车换行符

classLabelVector.append(d[listFromLine[-1]]) #取到字典中对应的label值

index += 1

return returnMat,classLabelVector

画图：

import rf

mat,label = rf.rf(‘datingTestSet.txt‘)

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

>>> ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)

>>> ax1.scatter(mat[:,0],mat[:,1])

>>> ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)

>>> ax2.scatter(mat[:,1],mat[:,2])

from numpy import array #需要自己导入array，否则会报错

>>> ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 3)

>>> ax3.scatter(mat[:,0],mat[:,1],15.0*array(label),15.0*array(label))

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4)

ax4.scatter(mat[:,1],mat[:,2],15.0*array(label),15.0*array(label))

plt.show()

本文出自 “Adela” 博客，谢绝转载！

原文地址：http://adelazhu.blog.51cto.com/9455045/1671052