python字体显示时间设置_Python之pandas时间处理

1.导入模块

>>> import pandas as pd

2.导入数据表格

>>> air_quality = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\air_quality_no2_long.csv")

3.修改列名字

>>> air_quality = air_quality.rename(columns={"date.utc": "datetime"})

>>> air_quality

city country datetime location parameter value unit

0 Paris FR 2019-06-21 00:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 20.0 µg/m³

1 Paris FR 2019-06-20 23:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 21.8 µg/m³

2 Paris FR 2019-06-20 22:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 26.5 µg/m³

3 Paris FR 2019-06-20 21:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 24.9 µg/m³

4 Paris FR 2019-06-20 20:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 21.4 µg/m³

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2063 London GB 2019-05-07 06:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 26.0 µg/m³

2064 London GB 2019-05-07 04:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 16.0 µg/m³

2065 London GB 2019-05-07 03:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 19.0 µg/m³

2066 London GB 2019-05-07 02:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 19.0 µg/m³

2067 London GB 2019-05-07 01:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 23.0 µg/m³

[2068 rows x 7 columns]

4.修改日期时间列属性

>>> air_quality["datetime"]

0 2019-06-21 00:00:00+00:00

1 2019-06-20 23:00:00+00:00

2 2019-06-20 22:00:00+00:00

3 2019-06-20 21:00:00+00:00

4 2019-06-20 20:00:00+00:00

...

2063 2019-05-07 06:00:00+00:00

2064 2019-05-07 04:00:00+00:00

2065 2019-05-07 03:00:00+00:00

2066 2019-05-07 02:00:00+00:00

2067 2019-05-07 01:00:00+00:00

Name: datetime, Length: 2068, dtype: object

>>> air_quality["datetime"] = pd.to_datetime(air_quality["datetime"])

>>> air_quality["datetime"]

0 2019-06-21 00:00:00+00:00

1 2019-06-20 23:00:00+00:00

2 2019-06-20 22:00:00+00:00

3 2019-06-20 21:00:00+00:00

4 2019-06-20 20:00:00+00:00

...

2063 2019-05-07 06:00:00+00:00

2064 2019-05-07 04:00:00+00:00

2065 2019-05-07 03:00:00+00:00

2066 2019-05-07 02:00:00+00:00

2067 2019-05-07 01:00:00+00:00

Name: datetime, Length: 2068, dtype: datetime64[ns, UTC]

使用to_datetime功能，pandas解释了字符串并将其转换为datetime对象，或者在导入数据是使用参数 pd.read_csv("xx.csv", parse_dates=["xxxx"])进行转换对象，但对导入数据性能会有所影响

5.时间的操作

>>> air_quality["datetime"].min(), air_quality["datetime"].max() #查看最早和最晚时间

(Timestamp('2019-05-07 01:00:00+0000', tz='UTC'), Timestamp('2019-06-21 00:00:00+0000', tz='UTC'))

>>> air_quality["datetime"].max() - air_quality["datetime"].min() #查看最大时间差

Timedelta('44 days 23:00:00')

>>> air_quality["month"] = air_quality["datetime"].dt.month #添加显示月份的列

>>> air_quality

city country datetime location parameter value unit month

0 Paris FR 2019-06-21 00:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 20.0 µg/m³ 6

1 Paris FR 2019-06-20 23:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 21.8 µg/m³ 6

2 Paris FR 2019-06-20 22:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 26.5 µg/m³ 6

3 Paris FR 2019-06-20 21:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 24.9 µg/m³ 6

4 Paris FR 2019-06-20 20:00:00+00:00 FR04014 no2 21.4 µg/m³ 6

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2063 London GB 2019-05-07 06:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 26.0 µg/m³ 5

2064 London GB 2019-05-07 04:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 16.0 µg/m³ 5

2065 London GB 2019-05-07 03:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 19.0 µg/m³ 5

2066 London GB 2019-05-07 02:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 19.0 µg/m³ 5

2067 London GB 2019-05-07 01:00:00+00:00 London Westminster no2 23.0 µg/m³ 5

[2068 rows x 8 columns]

>>> air_quality.groupby([air_quality["datetime"].dt.weekday, "location"])["value"].mean() #查看每周中每天的二氧化碳浓度

datetime location

0 BETR801 27.875000

FR04014 24.856250

London Westminster 23.969697

1 BETR801 22.214286

FR04014 30.999359

London Westminster 24.885714

2 BETR801 21.125000

FR04014 29.165753

London Westminster 23.460432

3 BETR801 27.500000

FR04014 28.600690

London Westminster 24.780142

4 BETR801 28.400000

FR04014 31.617986

London Westminster 26.446809

5 BETR801 33.500000

FR04014 25.266154

London Westminster 24.977612

6 BETR801 21.896552

FR04014 23.274306

London Westminster 24.859155

Name: value, dtype: float64

6.以时间为索引，将每个位置设置为列

>>> no_2 = air_quality.pivot(index="datetime", columns="location", values="value")

>>> no_2

location BETR801 FR04014 London Westminster

datetime

2019-05-07 01:00:00+00:00 50.5 25.0 23.0

2019-05-07 02:00:00+00:00 45.0 27.7 19.0

2019-05-07 03:00:00+00:00 NaN 50.4 19.0

2019-05-07 04:00:00+00:00 NaN 61.9 16.0

2019-05-07 05:00:00+00:00 NaN 72.4 NaN

... ... ... ...

2019-06-20 20:00:00+00:00 NaN 21.4 NaN

2019-06-20 21:00:00+00:00 NaN 24.9 NaN

2019-06-20 22:00:00+00:00 NaN 26.5 NaN

2019-06-20 23:00:00+00:00 NaN 21.8 NaN

2019-06-21 00:00:00+00:00 NaN 20.0 NaN

[1033 rows x 3 columns]