mysql or条件_关于mysql中or条件和索引 - leezhxing

1)myisam表：

mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                 |

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | index_merge | PRIMARY,uid   | PRIMARY,uid | 4,4     | NULL |    2 | Using union(PRIMARY,uid);

Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在mysql5.0和更新的版本中，会同时使用这两个单列索引进行扫描，然后合并结果。索引合并需要耗费大量cpu和内存资源在算法的缓存，和并和排序上。

2)innodb表：(alter table a engine=innodb)

mysql>  explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | ALL  | PRIMARY,uid   | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    5 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2 .必须所有的or条件都必须是独立索引：

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Table | Create Table

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| a     | CREATE TABLE `a` (

`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

explain查看：

mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    5 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

全表扫描了。

3. 用UNION替换OR (适用于索引列)

通常情况下, 用UNION替换WHERE子句中的OR将会起到较好的效果. 对索引列使用OR将造成全表扫描.

注意, 以上规则只针对多个索引列有效. 如果有column没有被索引, 查询效率可能会因为你没有选择OR而降低.

在下面的例子中, LOC_ID 和REGION上都建有索引.

高效:

select loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where loc_id = 10unionselect loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where region = "melbourne" and loc_id != 10

低效:

select loc_id , loc desc , region from location where loc_id = 10 or region = "melbourne"

如果你坚持要用OR, 那就需要 返回记录最少的索引列写在最前面.

通过查询表中值得分布情况(看看where条件的各个分支对应的数据基数有多大)，确定那个值放在前边。select sum(loc_id = 10),sum(region="melbourne") fromlocation\G************************1.row***********************SUM(loc_id= 10): 7992SUM(region="melbourne"): 30

通过检测发现应该把region="melbourne"放在前边。

4. 用in来替换or

这是一条简单易记的规则，但是实际的执行效果还须检验，在oracle8i下，两者的执行路径似乎是相同的．

低效:

select…. from location where loc_id = 10 or loc_id = 20 or loc_id = 30

高效

select… from location where loc_in  in (10,20,30);