我一直在python3中学习tkinter,发现很难在网上找到好的文档和答案。为了帮助其他人解决同样的问题,我决定发布一个简单问题的解决方案,似乎没有在线文档。
问题:创建一个类似向导的程序,向用户显示一系列窗口,用户可以在窗口之间单击下一步和后退按钮。
解决方案是:
创建一个根窗口。
创建与要向用户显示的窗口一样多的帧。将所有帧附加到根窗口。
使用所需的所有小部件填充每个框架。
填充完所有帧后,使用grid_forget()方法隐藏每个帧,但不隐藏第一帧,使其成为可见帧。框架上的所有子窗口小部件都将隐藏在框架中。
当用户单击窗口上的“下一个”或“后退”按钮时,调用隐藏其他帧(使用grid_forget())的子例程,并使所需的帧可见(使用grid())。
如果希望程序结束,请对根窗口使用destroy - 方法。
因此,您将创建一个窗口并在其上显示不同的框架。
这是Python3中的示例实现。它有3个简单的窗口,每个窗口都有一个文本标签和两个按钮,可以在不同的窗口中导航。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Creates three "windows" that the user can navigate through using Back and Next - buttons.
import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk
def create_widgets_in_first_frame():
# Create the label for the frame
first_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(first_frame, text='Window 1')
first_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
# Create the button for the frame
first_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
first_window_quit_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
first_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Next", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
first_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
def create_widgets_in_second_frame():
# Create the label for the frame
second_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(second_frame, text='Window 2')
second_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
# Create the button for the frame
second_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Back", command = call_first_frame_on_top)
second_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
second_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Next", command = call_third_frame_on_top)
second_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
def create_widgets_in_third_frame():
# Create the label for the frame
third_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(third_frame, text='Window 3')
third_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
# Create the button for the frame
third_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Back", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
third_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
third_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
third_window_quit_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
def call_first_frame_on_top():
# This function can be called only from the second window.
# Hide the second window and show the first window.
second_frame.grid_forget()
first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
def call_second_frame_on_top():
# This function can be called from the first and third windows.
# Hide the first and third windows and show the second window.
first_frame.grid_forget()
third_frame.grid_forget()
second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
def call_third_frame_on_top():
# This function can only be called from the second window.
# Hide the second window and show the third window.
second_frame.grid_forget()
third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
def quit_program():
root_window.destroy()
###############################
# Main program starts here :) #
###############################
# Create the root GUI window.
root_window = tkinter.Tk()
# Define window size
window_width = 200
window_heigth = 100
# Create frames inside the root window to hold other GUI elements. All frames must be created in the main program, otherwise they are not accessible in functions.
first_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
first_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
first_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
second_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
second_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
second_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
third_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
third_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
third_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
# Create all widgets to all frames
create_widgets_in_third_frame()
create_widgets_in_second_frame()
create_widgets_in_first_frame()
# Hide all frames in reverse order, but leave first frame visible (unhidden).
third_frame.grid_forget()
second_frame.grid_forget()
# Start tkinter event - loop
root_window.mainloop()