麦卡锡函数C语言程序,编程语言：命令式、函数式编程语言

ML is often referred to as

an impure functional

language, because it encapsulates

unlike purely

functional programming languages such

as

Unlike Haskell, ML uses eager

evaluation, which means that all subexpressions are always

evaluated. However, lazy evaluation can be achieved through the use

of closures.

Thus one can create and use infinite streams as in Haskell, but

their expression is comparatively indirect.

Today there are several languages in the ML family; the two major

dialects are Standard

ML (SML) and Caml,

but others exist, including F# —

a language that Microsoft supports for their .NET platform. Ideas

from ML have influenced numerous other languages,

like

ML's strengths are mostly applied in language design and

manipulation (compilers, analyzers, theorem provers), but it is a

general-purpose language also used in bioinformatics, financial

systems, and applications including a genealogical database, a

peer-to-peer client/server program, etc.

ML uses static scoping rules.

LISP(全名LISt

Processor，即列表处理语言)，由约翰·麦卡锡在1960年左右创造的一种基于λ演算的函数式编程语言。

LISP有很多种方言，各个实现中的语言不完全一样。1980年代Guy

L. Steele编写了Common

Lisp试图进行标准化，这个标准被大多数解释器和编译器所接受。在Unix/Linux系统中，还有一种和Emacs一起的Emacs

Lisp(而Emacs正是用Lisp作为扩展语言进行功能扩展的)非常流行，并建立了自己的标准。

LISP语言的主要现代版本包括Common

Lisp和Scheme。

Lisp (historically, LISP)

is a family of computer programming

languages with a long history and a

distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish

prefix notation.Originally

specified in 1958, Lisp is the

second-oldest high-level

programming language in widespread use today;

only Fortran is

older (by one year). Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great

deal since its early days, and a number

of dialects have

existed over its history. Today, the most widely known

general-purpose Lisp dialects are

Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation

for computer programs, influenced by the notation

of Alonzo

Church's lambda

calculus. It quickly became the favored programming language

for

The name LISP derives from

"LISt Processing". Linked

lists are one of Lisp languages'

major data

structures, and Lisp source

code is itself made up of lists. As a result,

Lisp programs can manipulate source code as a data structure,

giving rise to the macro systems

that allow programmers to create new syntax or even

new

The

interchangeability of code and data also gives Lisp its instantly

recognizable syntax. All program code is written

as. A function call or syntactic

form is written as a list with the function or operator's name

first, and the arguments following; for instance, a function f that

takes three arguments might be called

using (f arg1 arg2

arg3).

Clojure (pronounced like "closure"dialect of

the Lisp programming

language created by Rich

Hickey. It is

a general-purpose language supporting interactive development that

encourages a

Clojure runs on

the Java

Virtual Machine, Common

Language Runtime and can compile

to JavaScript.

Like other Lisps, Clojure treats code

as data and has a

sophisticated macro system.