python装饰器有几种_python几种装饰器的用法

用函数装饰函数

这种比较常见首先定义装饰器函数

def cache(func):

data = {}

@wraps(func)

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

key = f'{func.__name__}-{str(args)}-{str(kwargs)})'

if key in data:

result = data.get(key)

print('cache')

else:

result = func(*args, **kwargs)

data[key] = result

print('calculated')

return result

return wrapper

然后定义一个需要装饰的函数

@cache

def add(a, b):

return a + b

调用add。

print(add(2, 4))

print(add(2, 4))

输出

add-(2, 4)-{})

calculated

6

add-(2, 4)-{})

cache

6

用类装饰函数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018/9/26 23:30

# @Author : cxa

# @File : cache.py

# @Software: PyCharm

class Cache:

def __init__(self, func):

self.data = {}

self.func = func

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

key = f'{self.func.__name__}-{str(args)}-{str(kwargs)})'

print(key)

data = self.data

if key in data:

result = data.get(key)

print('cache')

else:

result = self.func(*args, **kwargs)

data[key] = result

print('calculated')

return result

然后定义一个需要装饰的函数

@Cache

def add(a, b):

return a + b

调用add。

print(add(2, 4))

print(add(2, 4))

输出

add-(2, 4)-{})

calculated

6

add-(2, 4)-{})

cache

6

类装饰类的方法

一个装饰器类

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2018/9/26 23:30

# @Author : cxa

# @File : cache.py

# @Software: PyCharm

class Cache:

def __init__(self, func):

self.data = {}

self.func = func

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

key = f'{self.func.__name__}-{str(args)}-{str(kwargs)})'

print(key)

data = self.data

if key in data:

result = data.get(key)

print('cache')

else:

result = self.func(*args, **kwargs)

data[key] = result

print('calculated')

return result

然后定义一个需要装饰的类，装饰add方法

class FuncDemo():

def __init__(self,w,h):

self.w=w

self.h=h

@property

@Cache

def add(self):

return self.w+self.h

调用并输出

add-(<__main__.FuncDemo object at 0x036D4F50>,)-{})

calculated

7

add-(<__main__.FuncDemo object at 0x036D4F50>,)-{})

cache

7