pytest测试实战pdf_Pytest测试实战（十）

       在Pytest测试实战(九)里面，把接口请求的的请求地址，请求参数这些都存储到了yaml文件中，然后使用Pytest的参数化可以很轻松的实现几行代码就能够覆盖多个测试场景，关于测试场景的维护只需要在yaml文件中维护就可以了。下来需要思考的是在前面的文章体系中所有的请求都是GET的请求方法，但是请求方法除了GET还有POST等请求方法，所以在本文章中，加入对请求方法的处理机制，维护的yaml文件的内容为：

---#查看所有书籍信息"url": "http://localhost:5000/v1/api/books""method": "get""expect": '"name": "Python接口自动化测试实战"'---#创建书籍信息"url": "http://localhost:5000/v1/api/books""method": "post"dict1:"author": "无涯"  "done": true"name": "Python测试实战""expect": '"msg": "添加书籍成功", "status": 1002'---#查看id为1的书籍信息"url": "http://localhost:5000/v1/api/book/1""method": "get""expect": '"author": "wuya"'---#修改id为1的书籍信息"url": "http://localhost:5000/v1/api/book/1""method": "put"dict1:"author": "无涯"  "done": true"name": "Python测试实战""expect": '"msg": "更新书的信息成功", "status": 1008'---#删除id为1的书籍信息"url": "http://localhost:5000/v1/api/book/1""method": "delete""expect": '"msg": "删除书籍成功", "status": 1009'

在如上的yaml文件中可以看到我们刻意的增加了method的字段，通过它我们就很轻松的知道场景对应的请求方法是什么。

        下来需要思考的是对请求方法如何封装，在requests的库中，我们可以对request的方法进行二次封装和改造，首先来看源码部分，具体如下：

def request(method, url, **kwargs):"""Constructs and sends a :class:`Request `.    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send        in the body of the :class:`Request`.    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers        to add for the file.    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read        timeout) ` tuple.    :type timeout: float or tuple    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.    :type allow_redirects: bool    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.    :return: :class:`Response ` object    :rtype: requests.Response    Usage::      >>> import requests      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')          """    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.    with sessions.Session() as session:return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)

如上的代码是来源于requests库的源码，这部分代码非常的核心，它显示了在requests的请求中关于地址，方法，以及请求头等很多的信息，如json,data,params,verify,cookies的信息。其实在源码中不需要刻意的去关心GET和POST请求方法，因为它都是来自request的方法之上，GET方法的源码如下：

def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):r"""Sends a GET request.    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send        in the body of the :class:`Request`.    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.    :return: :class:`Response ` object    :rtype: requests.Response    """    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)

可以看到，在GET的方法中调用了request的方法，只不对针对GET请求又做了特殊的处理，那么**kwargs是什么，它可能是headers，也可能是cookie,verify的信息等信息。依据如上的信息，封装后的请求方法代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python3

#coding:utf-8

#author:无涯

import requestsclass Request:def request(self,url,method='get',**kwargs):if method=='get':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='post':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='put':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='delete':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)def get(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='get',**kwargs)def post(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='post',**kwargs)def put(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='put',**kwargs)def delete(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='delete',**kwargs)

     在前面两个步骤的基础上，下来在测试的代码中增加对请求方法的判断，如果是GET请求就去调用GET的请求方法，其他的也是如此，完整的代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python3#coding:utf-8import  pytestimport  yamlimport  osimport  requestsimport  jsonclass Request:def request(self,url,method='get',**kwargs):if method=='get':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='post':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='put':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)elif method=='delete':return requests.request(url=url,method=method,**kwargs)def get(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='get',**kwargs)def post(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='post',**kwargs)def put(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='put',**kwargs)def delete(self,url,**kwargs):return self.request(url=url,method='delete',**kwargs)def readYaml():with  open('config.yaml','r')  as f:return list(yaml.safe_load_all(f))@pytest.mark.parametrize('datas',readYaml())def test_books(datas):if datas['method']=='get':
      r=Request().get(url=datas['url'])assert  datas['expect'] in json.dumps(r.json(),ensure_ascii=False)elif datas['method']=='post':
      r=Request().post(url=datas['url'],json=datas['dict1'])assert datas['expect'] in json.dumps(r.json(),ensure_ascii=False)elif datas['method']=='put':
      r=Request().put(url=datas['url'],json=datas['dict1'])assert datas['expect'] in json.dumps(r.json(), ensure_ascii=False)elif datas['method']=='delete':
      r=Request().delete(url=datas['url'])assert datas['expect'] in json.dumps(r.json(), ensure_ascii=False)if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-v","-s","wxPytest.py"])

执行如上的代码，输出的结果信息如下：

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