php后端管,管理后台-后端-PHP篇

这里选用codeigniter做为web框架，因为它安装方便(独立压缩包解压即可)、自身集成了migration,query-builder(对数据库的封装，不用关心数据库选型)，虽然CI官方说明PHP版本只要求5.2，但是CI的第三方库ci-restserver要求5.4以上，另外PHP5.4以后加入了一个功能Built-in web server，我们可以脱离apache，直接在命令行通过php -S指令启动PHP测试服务器，本文的PHP版本将使用5.6

我们先搭建基础环境

安装PHP

> rpm -Uvh http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

> yum install -y php56w php56w-pdo

纠正PHP的时区

# /etc/php.ini

...

date.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'

安装CodeIgniter

> wget https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/archive/3.0.3.zip

> unzip 3.0.3.zip

> cd CodeIgniter-3.0.3/

> php -S 0.0.0.0:8000

访问该后台，顺利的话应该出现如下界面

数据库建模

1)配置数据库连接，并配置自动加载数据库模块

// application/config/database.php

$db['default'] = array(

...

'hostname' => 'sqlite:'.APPPATH.'db.sqlite3',

'dbdriver' => 'pdo',

...

);

// application/config/autoload.php

...

$autoload['libraries'] = array("database");

...

2)启动migration,默认CI使用时间戳规定版本号，简单起见我们使用序列号sequential模式

// application/config/migration.php

$config['migration_enabled'] = TRUE;

$config['migration_type'] = 'sequential';

3)编写News表的migration

// application/migrations/001_add_news.php

defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Migration_Add_News extends CI_Migration {

public function up() {

$this->dbforge->add_field(array(

'id' => array(

'type' => 'INT',

'constraint' => 5,

'unsigned' => TRUE,

'auto_increment' => TRUE

),

'title' => array(

'type' => 'VARCHAR',

'constraint' => '100',

),

'content' => array(

'type' => 'TEXT',

'null' => TRUE,

),

'create_time' => array(

'type' => 'DATETIME',

),

));

$this->dbforge->add_key('id', TRUE);

$this->dbforge->create_table('news');

}

public function down() {

$this->dbforge->drop_table('news');

}

}

4)创建migrate入口

// application/controllers/Migrate.php

class Migrate extends CI_Controller {

public function index() {

$this->load->library('migration');

if (!$this->migration->latest())

{

show_error($this->migration->error_string());

}

}

}

5)CLI执行migrate

> php index.php migrate

用codeigniter-restserver搭建最简单的CRUD

> cp /tmp/codeigniter-restserver-master/application/libraries/Format.php application/libraries/

> cp /tmp/codeigniter-restserver-master/application/libraries/REST_Controller.php application/libraries/

> cp /tmp/codeigniter-restserver-master/application/config/rest.php application/config/

> cp /tmp/codeigniter-restserver-master/application/language/english/rest_controller_lang.php application/language/english/

编写CRUD的controller

// application/controllers/News.php

require APPPATH . '/libraries/REST_Controller.php';

class News extends REST_Controller{

public function index_post(){

$this->db->set("title",$this->post("title"));

$this->db->set("content",$this->post("content"));

$this->db->set("create_time",date('Y-m-d H:i:s'));

$this->db->insert("news");

$this->set_response(['id'=>$this->db->insert_id()], REST_Controller::HTTP_CREATED);

}

public function index_get(){

$id = $this->get("id");

if($id!=null){

$this->response($this->db->get_where("news",array('id'=>$id))->result()[0]);

}else{

$this->response($this->db->get("news")->result());

}

}

public function index_put(){

$this->db->set("title",$this->put("title"));

$this->db->set("content",$this->put("content"));

$this->db->where("id",$this->get("id"));

$this->db->update("news");

$this->set_response('', REST_Controller::HTTP_NO_CONTENT);

}

public function index_delete(){

$this->db->where("id",$this->get("id"));

$this->db->delete("news");

$this->set_response('', REST_Controller::HTTP_NO_CONTENT);

}

}

// application/config/routes.php

...

$route['news/(:num)'] = 'news/index/id/$1';

接下来我们需要用postman来测试接口(如何使用postman工具测试不在本文范畴)，伪测试代码如下

> curl POST /news/ #Create

> curl GET /news/ #Read list

> curl GET /news/:id/ #Read item

> curl PUT /news/:id/ #Update

> curl DELETE /news/:id/ #Delete

接下来我们来整合BasicAuth验证功能

// application/config/rest.php

...

$config['rest_auth'] = 'basic';

$config['auth_source'] = '';

...

仅为演示，我们在rest.php里面配置了默认的帐号admin，密码是默认的1234。

我们再访问一下接口，服务器将返回401错误，浏览器根据该错误将弹出认证界面

按照制定的接口文档，我们再补全一个认证接口给客户端登录使用

// application/controllers/Auth.php

require APPPATH . '/libraries/REST_Controller.php';

class Auth extends REST_Controller{

public function info_get(){

$this->response([

'name' => 'admin',

]);

}

}

书写扩展的协议-批量删除

// application/controllers/News.php

...

class News extends REST_Controller{

...

public function deletes_delete(){

$ids = split(",",$this->input->get("ids"));

foreach($ids as $id){

$this->db->where("id",$id);

$this->db->delete("news");

}

$this->set_response('', REST_Controller::HTTP_NO_CONTENT);

}

}

书写扩展协议-搜索+分页

// application/controllers/News.php

...

class News extends REST_Controller{

public $PAGE_SIZE = 50;

...

public function index_get(){

$id = $this->get("id");

if($id!=null){

$this->response($this->db->get_where("news",array('id'=>$id))->result()[0]);

}

else{

$search = $this->get("search");

$page = $this->get("page");

if($page==null)$page="1";

$page = intval($page);

$this->db->like('title',$search);

$total_count = $this->db->count_all_results("news");

$page_count = floor($total_count/$this->PAGE_SIZE);

if($total_count%$this->PAGE_SIZE>0)$page_count++;

$this->db->like('title',$search);

$this->db->order_by("create_time",'DESC');

$offset = $this->PAGE_SIZE*($page-1);

$this->db->limit($this->PAGE_SIZE,$offset);

$results = $this->db->get("news")->result();

$data = [

"total_count" => $total_count,

"page_count" => $page_count,

"next" => $page

"previous" => $page>1,

"results" => $results,

];

$this->response($data);

}

}

}

后端基本完成了，还剩下最后一个问题CORS，我们在本地写一个简单的jquery

在chrome里面调试一下会出现如下错误

XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://172.17.9.177:8000/news/. No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'null' is therefore not allowed access. The response had HTTP status code 401.

我们改造构造函数来加入CORS处理

// application/controllers/News.php

class News extends REST_Controller{

...

function __construct() {

header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');

header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Authorization,Content-Type");

header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE");

$method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];

if($method == "OPTIONS") {

die();

}

parent::__construct();

}

}

同样方法处理Auth.php,再次用jquery测试，之前那个错误将不再出现。

此文数据库模型、协议的定义参见用Angular搭建管理后台