python list常用方法_Python中列表(List)的基本用法

一、列表的创建

list((3, 5, 7, 9, 11))

list(range(1, 10, 2))

""" 字符串、集合、字典的键、字典的键：值对转列表 """

list('hello, world')

list({3, 7, 8})

list({'a':3, 'b':9, 'c':78})

list({'a':3, 'b':9, 'c':78}.items())

""" 空列表 """

x = list()

x = []

二、列表的删除

del x

三、 列表元素访问及修改

x = list('python')

print(x)

""" 正数顺序访问，负数倒序访问 """

print(x[1])

print(x[-1])

""" 用下标进行修改 """

x[2] = 'a'

print(x)

四、 [增]操作：append()、insert()、extend()

x = [1, 2, 3]

""" append()尾部追加单个元素 """

x.append(4)

print(x)

""" insert()指定插入单个元素 """

x.insert(0, 0)

print(x)

""" extend()尾部追加列表 """

x.extend([5, 6, 7])

print(x)

五、[删]操作：pop()、remove()、clear()、del

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

""" pop()删除并返回指定位置元素(默认结尾处)(也可用负数来逆序弹出) """

print(x.pop())

print(x.pop(-2))

""" remove()删除首个指定的值，没有则抛出异常 """

x.remove(4)

print(x)

""" del 删除指定位置元素，后续元素会自动收缩 """

del x[2]

print(x)

""" clear()删除所有元素 """

x.clear()

print(x)

六、 [查]操作：下标、count()、index()

x = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]

""" 下标查指定位置元素 """

print(x[4])

""" count()查指定元素出现次数 """

print(x.count(4))

""" index()查指定元素首次出现索引 """

print(x.index(3))

七、 排序操作：sort()、reverse()

x = list(range(11))

import random

""" 洗牌操作(打乱顺序) """

random.shuffle(x)

print(x)

""" sort()排序 """

""" 按字符串长度降序排序 """

x.sort(key=lambda item:len(str(item)), reverse=True)

print(x)

""" 按字符串大小升序排序：从左边开始第一个字符依次比较 """

x.sort(key=str)

print(x)

""" 默认排序(升序) """

x.sort()

print(x)

""" reverse()翻转 """

x.reverse()

print(x)

八、 复制：copy()浅复制、deepcopy()深复制

x = [1, 2, [3, 4]]

y = x.copy()

import copy

z = copy.deepcopy(x)

九、常见内置函数：max()、min()、sum()、len()、all()、any()、zip()、enumerate()

x = list(range(11))

""" all()检测是否所有元素等价于True """

print(all(x))

""" any()检测是否存在元素等价于True """

print(any(x))

""" 最大的数 """

print(max(x))

""" 最小的数 """

print(min(x))

""" 列表求和 """

print(sum(x))

""" 列表长度 """

print(len(x))

""" 多列表重组成元组 """

print(list(zip(x, [2]*11)))

""" 枚举列表元素 """

print(list(enumerate(x)))

十、对列表的+ 和 * 操作

""" + 操作(非原地操作-->返回新列表) """

x = [1, 2, 3]

print(id(x))

x = x + [4]

print(x)

print(id(x))

""" += 操作类似于append()原地操作 """

x += [5]

print(x)

print(id(x))

""" * 操作(非原地操作-->返回新列表) """

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(id(x))

x = x * 2

print(x)

print(id(x))

x *= 2

print(x)

print(id(x))

""" 重复0次清空 """

x *= 0

print(x)

十一、列表推导式(列表解析式)

alist = [x * x for x in range(10)]

print(alist)

freshfruit = ['banana', ' loganberry', 'passion fruit']

alist = [w.strip() for w in freshfruit]

print(alist)

alist = list(map(lambda x : x.strip(), freshfruit))

print(alist)

alist = list(map(str.strip, freshfruit))

print(alist)

""" ①实现嵌套列表的平铺 """

vec = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

""" 第一个循环为外循环，第二个循环为内循环 """

print([num for elem in vec for num in elem])

print(list(chain(*vec)))

""" 过滤不符合条件的元素 """

alist = [-1, -4, 6, 7.5, -2.3, 9, -11]

print([i for i in alist if i > 0])

scores={"Zhang San":45, "Li Si":78, "Wang Wu":40, "Zhou Liu":96,

"Zhao Qi":65, "Sun Ba":90, "Zheng Jiu":78, "Wu Shi":99,

"Dong Shiyi":60}

highest = max(scores.values())

lowest = min(scores.values())

average = sum(scores.values())/len(scores)

print((highest, lowest, average))

highestPerson = [name for name, score in scores.items() if score == highest]

print(highestPerson)

from random import randint

x = [randint(1, 10) for i in range(20)]

print(x)

m = max(x)

print([index for index, value in enumerate(x) if value == m])

""" 同时遍历多个列表或可迭代对象 """

print([(x, y) for x in [1, 2, 3] for y in [3, 1, 4] if x != y])

print([(x, y) for x in [1, 2, 3] if x == 1 for y in [3, 1, 4] if y != x])

""" 使用列表解析式实现矩阵转置 """

matrix = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]

print([[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)])

print(list(map(list, zip(*matrix))))

""" 列表推导式中使用函数或复杂表达式 """

def f(v):

if v % 2 == 0:

v = v ** 2

else:

v = v + 1

return v

print([f(v) for v in [2, 3, 4, -1] if v > 0])

print([v ** 2 if v % 2 == 0 else v + 1 for v in [2, 3, 4, -1] if v > 0])

""" 列表推导式生成100以内所有素数 """

print([p for p in range(2, 100) if 0 not in [p % d for d in range(2, int(sqrt(p)) + 1)]])