流程控制-for循环(序列)
循环循环是一个结构,导致程序要重复一定的次数。
条件下循环也是如此,当然条件变为假,循环结束。
for循环:在序列里,使用for循环遍历。
语法:for iterating_var in sqquence:
statement(s)
举例:
(例1)for用法举例In [1]: a = "ABC"In [2]: a
Out[2]: "ABC"In [3]: for i in a:
...: print i
...:
A
B
C
In [4]: for i in a: print i, #加逗号显示在同一行用空格隔开。...:
A B C
(例2)list的for循环In [5]: list1 = [1,3,4,5]
In [6]: list1
Out[6]: [1, 3, 4, 5]
In [7]: for i in list1:
...: print i
...:
1
3
4
5
(例3)range()函数用法:In [11]: range(1,11)
Out[11]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
In [12]: range(11)
Out[12]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
In [13]: range(1,11,2)
Out[13]: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
#脚本:打印出1到10的10个数字:#!/usr/bin/pythonfor i in range(1,11): print i运行结果:
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) python]# python for.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) python]#
(例4)print加","显示为一行脚本1: #!/usr/bin/python
print [i for i in range(1,11)]
运行结果:
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) python]# python for.py
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) python]#脚本2: #!/usr/bin/python
print [i*2 for i in range(1,11)]
运行结果:
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) python]# python for.py
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
[root@localhost python]#脚本3 求1,10内的偶数: #!/usr/bin/python
print [i for i in range(1,11) if i%2==0]
运行结果:
[root@localhost python]# python for.py
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
[root@localhost python]#
(例5)列表重写:脚本4 求1,10内的偶数的乘方: #!/usr/bin/python
for i in [i**2 for i in range(1,11) if i%2==0]: print i,
运行结果:
[root@localhost python]# python for.py
4 16 36 64 100
[root@localhost python]#脚本5 求1到100所有数加到一起的和: #!/usr/bin/python
sum = 0
for i in range(1,101):
sum = sum + i print sum
运行结果:
[root@localhost python]# python for1.py
5050
(例6)xrange()产生的是对象,节省内存:
xrange(10)
In [3]: a = xrange(20)
In [4]: type(a)
Out[4]: xrange
In [6]: for i in a: print i,
...:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
流程控制-for循环(字典)
生成字典:In [14]: dic = dic.fromkeys("abcdef","100")
In [15]: type(dic)
Out[15]: dict
In [16]: dic
Out[16]: {"a": "100", "b": "100", "c": "100", "d": "100", "e": "100", "f": "100"}
(例1)打印出键值:In [18]: for k in dic:
....: print k
....:
a
c
b
e
d
f
(例2)打印出键值和valueIn [19]: for k in dic:
....: print k,dic[k]
....:
a 100
c 100
b 100
e 100
d 100
f 100
格式化输出In [21]: for k in dic:
print "%s --->> %s " % (k,dic[k])
....:
a --->> 100c --->> 100b --->> 100e --->> 100d --->> 100f --->> 100
(例3)items()方法:dic.items():返回的是列表 :
In [22]: dic.items()
Out[22]:
[("a", "100"),
("c", "100"),
("b", "100"),
("e", "100"),
("d", "100"),
("f", "100")]
In [23]: for i in dic.items():print i
("a", "100")
("c", "100")
("b", "100")
("e", "100")
("d", "100")
("f", "100")
In [24]: for k,v in dic.items():print k,v
a 100
c 100
b 100
e 100
d 100
f 100
(例4)dic.iteritems() 方法:dic.iteritems() 返回的是对象: In [25]: for k,v in dic.iteritems():print k,v
a 100 c 100 b 100 e 100 d 100 f 100
一个print 可以输出一个换行符:
(例5)举例乘法口诀:#!/usr/bin/python
for i in xrange(1,10): for j in xrange(1,i+1): print "%sx%s=%s" % (j,i,j*i), print
运行结果:
[root@localhost python]# python koujun.py
1x1=1
1x2=2 2x2=4
1x3=3 2x3=6 3x3=9
1x4=4 2x4=8 3x4=12 4x4=16
1x5=5 2x5=10 3x5=15 4x5=20 5x5=25
1x6=6 2x6=12 3x6=18 4x6=24 5x6=30 6x6=36
1x7=7 2x7=14 3x7=21 4x7=28 5x7=35 6x7=42 7x7=49
1x8=8 2x8=16 3x8=24 4x8=32 5x8=40 6x8=48 7x8=56 8x8=64
1x9=9 2x9=18 3x9=27 4x9=36 5x9=45 6x9=54 7x9=63 8x9=72 9x9=81
[root@localhost python]#