python多线程异步爬虫-Python异步爬虫试验[Celery,gevent,requests]

以往爬虫都是用自己写的一个爬虫框架，一群Workers去Master那领取任务后开始爬。进程数量等于处理器核心数，通过增开线程数提高爬取速度。

最近看了Celery，接口真是优美，挺想试验下异步模型来写个爬虫。

模拟目标

为了方便测试，用Tornado搭了一个简易的服务器，用来模拟被爬的网站。

功能很简单，每个请求阻塞6秒才回复import tornado.webimport tornado.ioloopimport timefrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorfrom tornado.concurrent import run_on_executorimport tornado.genclass MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(40) @tornado.web.asynchronous @tornado.gen.coroutine

def get(self):

print(time.asctime()) yield self.sleep(6)

self.write("from server:" + time.asctime())

self.finish() @run_on_executor

def sleep(self, sec):

time.sleep(sec)if __name__ == "__main__":

app = tornado.web.Application(handlers=[

("^/.*", MainHandler)

])

app.listen(10240)

tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

消费者

task里就一个spider函数，功能是利用gevent去请求给定的目标import gevent.monkey

gevent.monkey.patch_socket()from celery import Celeryimport socketimport requestsimport gevent

app = Celery("tasks",

broker="redis://127.0.0.1:6379/3",

backend="redis://127.0.0.1:6379/3")@app.taskdef spider(url):

resp = gevent.spawn(requests.get, url)

tmp = 0

while True:

print("wait...", tmp) if resp.ready(): return "from:" + socket.getfqdn() + " res:" + str(resp.value.text)

gevent.sleep(1)

tmp += 1

用gevent模式启动Celerycelery worker -A tasks --loglevel info -c 100 -P gevent

生产者

利用刚刚编写的spider函数去爬取目标

测试中，下面代码开了6个进程，结果均在7秒内返回，证明成功了。from tasks import spiderimport timeimport random

res = spider.delay("http://127.0.0.1:10240/{}".format(random.randint(1, 999)))

i = 0while True: if res.ready():

print("res:", res.get()) break

else:

print("wait...", i)

time.sleep(1)

i += 1

Celery的部分日志输出：

可以看出在一个Celery进程内，多个spider函数轮替执行的[2016-08-20 21:27:11,281: INFO/MainProcess] Starting new HTTP connection (1): 127.0.0.1[2016-08-20 21:27:11,313: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: tasks.spider[7b8b6f63-2bef-491e-a3a8-fdbcff824b9c][2016-08-20 21:27:11,314: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:11,314: WARNING/MainProcess] 0[2016-08-20 21:27:11,316: INFO/MainProcess] Starting new HTTP connection (1): 127.0.0.1[2016-08-20 21:27:11,354: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: tasks.spider[5aa05e65-504d-4a04-8247-3f5708bfa46f][2016-08-20 21:27:11,356: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:11,356: WARNING/MainProcess] 0[2016-08-20 21:27:11,357: INFO/MainProcess] Starting new HTTP connection (1): 127.0.0.1[2016-08-20 21:27:11,821: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:11,821: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:11,989: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:11,990: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,059: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,059: WARNING/MainProcess] 2[2016-08-20 21:27:12,208: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,209: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,225: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,225: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,246: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,247: WARNING/MainProcess] 2[2016-08-20 21:27:12,282: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,282: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,316: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,316: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,357: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,357: WARNING/MainProcess] 1[2016-08-20 21:27:12,823: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,823: WARNING/MainProcess] 2[2016-08-20 21:27:12,991: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:12,992: WARNING/MainProcess] 2[2016-08-20 21:27:13,061: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:13,061: WARNING/MainProcess] 3[2016-08-20 21:27:13,210: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:13,211: WARNING/MainProcess] 2[2016-08-20 21:27:13,227: WARNING/MainProcess] wait...[2016-08-20 21:27:13,227: WARNING/MainProcess] 2

最后

借助Celery，爬虫很容易实现横向扩展，在多台服务器上增加消费者进程即可；

借助gevent，单进程内requests做到了非阻塞，而我过去是用多线程对付阻塞的。

Celery，gevent我也是初学一天，这小玩意儿做出来后，得开始看文档了深入了解了！

作者：spencer404

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c1e53cc32d4d