python增量爬虫_python增量爬虫pyspider

1.为了能够将爬取到的数据存入本地数据库，现在本地创建一个MySQL数据库example，然后

在数据库中建立一张表格test，示例如下：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;

CREATE TABLE `douban_db` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`url` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

`direct` varchar(30),

`performer` date,

`type` varchar(30),

`district` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

`language` varchar(30),

`date` varchar(30),

`time` varchar(30),

`alias` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

`score` varchar(30),

`comments` varchar(300),

`scenario` varchar(300),

`IMDb` varchar(30),

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2.如果使用开源框架pyspider来进行爬虫的话，默认情况下，会把爬取到的结果存放到result.db这个sqilite数据库中，但是为了方便操作，我们将结果存放到mysql中。接下

来要做的一个操作就是重写on_result方法，实例化调用我们自己实现的SQL方法，具体

实例如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

# Created on 2015-03-20 09:46:20

# Project: fly_spider

import re

from pyspider.database.mysql.mysqldb import SQL

from pyspider.libs.base_handler import *

class Handler(BaseHandler):

headers= {

"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, sdch",

"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",

"Cache-Control":"max-age=0",

"Connection":"keep-alive",

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2272.101 Safari/537.36"

}

crawl_config = {

"headers" : headers,

"timeout" : 100

}

@every(minutes=24 * 60)

def on_start(self):

self.crawl('http://movie.douban.com/tag/', callback=self.index_page)

@config(age=10 * 24 * 60 * 60)

def index_page(self, response):

for each in response.doc('a[href^="http"]').items():

if re.match("http://movie.douban.com/tag/\w+", each.attr.href, re.U):

self.crawl(each.attr.href, callback=self.list_page)

@config(age=10*24*60*60, priority=2)

def list_page(self, response):

for each in response.doc('html > body > div#wrapper > div#content > div.grid-16-8.clearfix > div.article > div > table tr.item > td > div.pl2 > a').items():

self.crawl(each.attr.href, priority=9, callback=self.detail_page)

@config(priority=3)

def detail_page(self, response):

return {

"url": response.url,

"title": response.doc('html > body > #wrapper > #content > h1 > span').text(),

"direct": ",".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('a[rel="v:directedBy"]').items()),

"performer": ",".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('a[rel="v:starring"]').items()),

"type": ",".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('span[property="v:genre"]').items()),

# "district": "".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('a[rel="v:starring"]').items()),

# "language": "".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('a[rel="v:starring"]').items()),

"date": ",".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('span[property="v:initialReleaseDate"]').items()),

"time": ",".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('span[property="v:runtime"]').items()),

# "alias": "".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('a[rel="v:starring"]').items()),

"score": response.doc('.rating_num').text(),

"comments": response.doc('html > body > div#wrapper > div#content > div.grid-16-8.clearfix > div.article > div#comments-section > div.mod-hd > h2 > i').text(),

"scenario": response.doc('html > body > div#wrapper > div#content > div.grid-16-8.clearfix > div.article > div.related-info > div#link-report.indent').text(),

"IMDb": "".join(x.text() for x in response.doc('span[href]').items()),

}

def on_result(self, result):

if not result or not result['title']:

return

sql = SQL()

sql.replace('douban_db',**result)

关于上面这段代码，有下面几点需要说明的：

a. 为了避免服务器判断出客户端在进行爬虫操作，从而禁止ip访问(具体表现为出现403禁止访问)，我们需要在发出请求的时候加上一个http头，伪装成使用浏览器访问，具体用法如下：

headers= {

"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",

"Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, sdch",

"Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",

"Cache-Control":"max-age=0",

"Connection":"keep-alive",

"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2272.101 Safari/537.36"

}

crawl_config = {

"headers" : headers,

"timeout" : 100

}

b. @every(minutes=24 * 60)表示每天执行一次

@config(age=10 * 24 * 60 * 60)表示数据10天后就过期了

c. 接下来是一个比较重要的地方，重写on_result方法，相当于实现了一个多态，程序在最后返回时，会执行on_result方法，默认的情况下，on_result是将数据刷入sqlite中，但是如果我们需要将数据插入mysql中，就需要重写on_result方法，具体使用如下：

def on_result(self, result):

if not result or not result['title']:

return

sql = SQL()

sql.replace('test',**result)

注意这里的if not result or not result[‘title’]:这句判断很重要，不然的会会报错，提示result是未定义类型的。

3.在上面的额代码中，提到了实例化调用我们自己实现的SQL方法，并且引用了from pyspider.database.mysql.mysqldb import SQL这个库文件，那么就必须在这个目录下实现这个库，具体如下：

把下面内容文文放到pyspider/pyspider/database/mysql/目录下命名为mysqldb.py

from six import itervalues

import mysql.connector

from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta

class SQL:

username = 'root' #数据库用户名

password = 'root' #数据库密码

database = 'test' #数据库

host = '172.30.25.231' #数据库主机地址

connection = ''

connect = True

placeholder = '%s'

def __init__(self):

if self.connect:

SQL.connect(self)

def escape(self,string):

return '`%s`' % string

def connect(self):

config = {

'user':SQL.username,

'password':SQL.password,

'host':SQL.host

}

if SQL.database != None:

config['database'] = SQL.database

try:

cnx = mysql.connector.connect(**config)

SQL.connection = cnx

return True

except mysql.connector.Error as err:

if (err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR):

print "The credentials you provided are not correct."

elif (err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR):

print "The database you provided does not exist."

else:

print "Something went wrong: " , err

return False

def replace(self,tablename=None,**values):

if SQL.connection == '':

print "Please connect first"

return False

tablename = self.escape(tablename )

if values:

_keys = ", ".join(self.escape(k) for k in values)

_values = ", ".join([self.placeholder, ] * len(values))

sql_query = "REPLACE INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (tablename, _keys, _values)

else:

sql_query = "REPLACE INTO %s DEFAULT VALUES" % tablename

cur = SQL.connection.cursor()

try:

if values:

cur.execute(sql_query, list(itervalues(values)))

else:

cur.execute(sql_query)

SQL.connection.commit()

return True

except mysql.connector.Error as err:

print ("An error occured: {}".format(err))

return False