android 读写sd卡 过滤..,Android 10 中读写SD卡权限的问题

记一次在android的学习中遇到的SD卡权限问题。最开始题主本来是想做一个小的demo来操作SD卡。如图所示：

没想到在开发的过程中遇到了权限问题。

首先贴一下activity的代码。其实就是三个按钮，绑定三个事件。

```java

package com.example.demo;

import android.Manifest;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.pm.PackageManager;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* @Author godv

* Date on 2020/4/14  22:02

*/

public class FileActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText editname;

private EditText editdetail;

private Button btnsave;

private Button btnclean;

private Button btnread;

private Context mContext;

private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;

private static String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {

"android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",

"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" };

/*

* android 动态权限申请

* */

public static void verifyStoragePermissions(Activity activity) {

try {

//检测是否有写的权限

int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,

"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE");

if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

// 没有写的权限，去申请写的权限，会弹出对话框

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE,REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

@Override

protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.file_layout);

verifyStoragePermissions(this);

mContext = getApplication();

editdetail = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editdetail);

editname = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editname);

btnclean = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnclean);

btnsave = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsave);

btnread = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnread);

//清空

btnclean.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

editdetail.setText("");

editname.setText("");

}

});

//保存

btnsave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

FileHelper fHelper = new FileHelper(mContext);

String filename = editname.getText().toString();

String filedetail = editdetail.getText().toString();

try {

fHelper.savFileToSD(filename, filedetail);

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}

});

btnread.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

String detail = "";

FileHelper fHelper2 = new FileHelper(getApplicationContext());

String fname = editname.getText().toString();

try {

detail = fHelper2.readFromSD(fname);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), detail, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

}

}

```

其中FileHelper的代码如下：

```java

package com.example.demo;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.SharedPreferences;

import android.os.Environment;

import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* @Author godv

* Date on 2020/4/14  22:13

*/

public class FileHelper {

private Context mContext;

public FileHelper() {

}

public FileHelper(Context mContext) {

super();

this.mContext = mContext;

}

/**

* @param filename

* @param fileContent

* @throws Exception

*/

public void savFileToSD(String filename, String fileContent) throws Exception {

//如果手机已插入sd卡,且app具有读写sd卡的权限

if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {

filename = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalPath() + "/" + filename;

File file=new File(filename);

FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);

output.write(fileContent.getBytes());

//将String字符串以字节流的形式写入到输出流中

output.close();

//关闭输出流

} else{

Toast.makeText(mContext, "SD卡不存在或者不可读写", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}

//读取SD卡中文件的方法

//定义读取文件的方法:

public String readFromSD(String filename) throws IOException {

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");

if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {

filename = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalPath() + "/" + filename;

//打开文件输入流

File file=new File(filename);

FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);

byte[] temp = new byte[1024];

int len = 0;

//读取文件内容:

while ((len = input.read(temp)) > 0) {

sb.append(new String(temp, 0, len));

}

//关闭输入流

input.close();

}

return sb.toString();

}

}

```

但是在android 6+后操作SD卡有动态权限问题。我们需要在Android中添加动态权限 也就是上述activity中的verifyStoragePermissions方法。当然在Androidmanifast中配置也是必不可少的。

但是问题还是没有解决。在我们获取操作流的时候。

FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);

还是会出现报错。出现报错的原因是由于android 10中文件读写新特性。还需要在Androidmanifast的application节点中加入android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"。最后问题得到解决。

参考文档：