java网络编程_Java网络编程案例---聊天室

网络编程是指编写运行在多个设备（计算机）的程序，这些设备都通过网络连接起来。

http://java.net包中JavaSE的API包含有类和接口，它们提供低层次的通信细节。你可以直接使用这些类和接口，来专注于解决问题，而不用关注通信细节。

http://java.net包中提供了两种常见的网络协议的支持：

TCP：TCP是传输控制协议的缩写，它保障了两个应用程序之间的可靠通信。通常用于互联网协议，被称TCP/IP。

UDP:UDP是用户数据报协议的缩写，一个无连接的协议。提供了应用程序之间要发送的数据的数据报。

本案例以TCP协议为例，结合多线程，实现一个多人同时聊天的聊天室。

释放资源：

Utils.java

package 

服务器端：

Chat.java

package com.bjwyj.chat;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

/**
 * 在线聊天室：服务端
 * 目标：加入容器实现群聊和私聊
 * 
 * @author 吴永吉
 *
 */
public class Chat {
	private static CopyOnWriteArrayList<Channel> all = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		System.out.println("------server------");
		//1.指定端口：使用ServerSocket创建服务器
		ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(9999);
		//2.阻塞式等待连接accept
		while(true) {
			Socket client = server.accept();
			System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");
			Channel c = new Channel(client);
			all.add(c); //管理所有的成员
			new Thread(c).start();
		}
	}
	//一个客户代表一个Channel
	static class Channel implements Runnable{
		private DataInputStream dis;
		private DataOutputStream dos;
		private Socket client;
		private boolean isRunning;
		private String name;
		
		public Channel(Socket client) {
			isRunning = true;
			this.client = client;
			try {
				dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
				dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
				//获取名称
				this.name = receive();
				//欢迎你的到来
				this.send("欢迎上线");
				this.sendOthers(this.name+"上线啦！",true);
			}catch(Exception e) {
				release();
			}
		}
		
		//接收消息
		public String receive() {
			String msg = "";
			try {
				msg = dis.readUTF();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				System.out.println("-------Chat receive------");
				release();
			}
			return msg;
		}
		//发送消息
		public void send(String msg) {
			try {
				dos.writeUTF(msg);
				dos.flush();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				System.out.println("--------Chat send-------");
				release();
			}
		}
		/**
		 * 群聊：获取自己的消息，发给其他人
		 * 私聊：约定数据格式：@xxx:msg
		 * @param msg
		 */
		public void sendOthers(String msg,boolean isSys) {
			boolean isPrivate = msg.startsWith("@");
			if(isPrivate) { //私聊
				int idx = msg.indexOf(":");
				//获取目标和数据
				String targetName = msg.substring(1,idx);
				msg = msg.substring(idx+1);
				for(Channel other:all) {
					if(other.name.equals(targetName)) { //目标
						other.send(this.name+"悄悄的对你说："+msg);
						break;
					}
				}
			}else { //群聊
				for(Channel other:all) {
					if(this==other) { //自己
						continue;
					}
					if(!isSys) {
						other.send(this.name+"对所有人说："+msg); //群聊消息
					}else {
						other.send(msg); //系统消息
					}
				}
			}
		}
		//关闭资源
		public void release() {
			this.isRunning = false;
			Utils.close(dis,dos,client);
			//退出
			all.remove(this);
			sendOthers(this.name+"下线了！",true);
		}

		@Override
		public void run() {
			while(isRunning) {
				String msg = receive();
				if(!msg.equals("")) {
					//send(msg);
					sendOthers(msg,false);
				}
			}
		}
	}
} 

客户端：

Send.java

package com.bjwyj.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 使用多线程封装了客户发送端：
 * 1.发送消息
 * 2.从控制台获取消息
 * 3.释放资源
 * 4.重写run
 * @author 吴永吉
 *
 */
public class Send implements Runnable{
	private BufferedReader console;
	private DataOutputStream dos;
	private Socket client;
	private boolean isRunning;
	private String name;
	
	public Send(Socket client,String name) {
		isRunning = true;
		this.client = client;
		this.name = name;
		console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		try {
			dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
			//发送名称
			send(name);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("------Client Send------");
			this.release();
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(isRunning) {
			String msg = this.getStringFromConsole();
			if(!msg.equals("")) {
				this.send(msg);
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 发送消息
	 */
	private void send(String msg) {
		try {
			dos.writeUTF(msg);
			dos.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("------Client send------");
			release();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 从控制台获取消息
	 */
	private String getStringFromConsole() {
		try {
			return console.readLine();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("------Client console------");
			release();
		}
		return "";
	}
	
	//释放资源
	private void release() {
		this.isRunning = false;
		Utils.close(dos,client);
	}
}

Receive.java

package com.bjwyj.chat;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 使用多线程封装了客户接收端
 * 1.接收消息
 * 2.释放资源
 * 3.重写run
 * @author 吴永吉
 *
 */
public class Receive implements Runnable{
	private DataInputStream dis;
	private Socket client;
	private boolean isRunning;
	
	public Receive(Socket client) {
		this.isRunning = true;
		this.client = client;
		try {
			dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("------Client Receive------");
			this.release();
		}
	}
	
	//接收消息
	public String receive() {
		String msg = "";
		try {
			msg = dis.readUTF();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("-------Receive receive------");
			release();
		}
		return msg;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(isRunning) {
			String msg = this.receive();
			if(!msg.equals("")) {
				System.out.println(msg);
			}
		}
	}
	
	//释放资源
	private void release() {
		this.isRunning = false;
		Utils.close(dis,client);
	}
}

Client.java

package com.bjwyj.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * 在线聊天室：客户端
 * 
 * @author 吴永吉
 *
 */
public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
		System.out.println("------client------");
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		System.out.println("请输入名称：");
		String name = br.readLine();
		//建立连接：使用Socket创建客户端+服务器的地址和端口号
		Socket client = new Socket("localhost",9999);
		//客户端发送消息
		new Thread(new Send(client,name)).start();
		//获取消息
		new Thread(new Receive(client)).start();
	}
}

运行结果：