python 元类的call总结_Python元类中的__call__和__new__的区别？

参考文档

问题描述

下面这两段代码的执行结果反映了一个问题：很明显元类的存在会影响__call__和__new__的优先级，请问大神能否分析一下两者执行结果不同的原因？

实例代码

1.不含元类的单例模式

class Singleton(object):

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

print('__new__')

return cls._instance

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)

print('__call__')

return cls._instance

class Foo(Singleton):

pass

print('1')

foo1 = Foo()

print('2')

foo2 = Foo()

print(foo1 is foo2) # True

上面这段代码的执行结果

$ python non_metaclass.py

1

__new__

2

__new__

True

2.含有元类的单例模式

class Singleton(type):

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

print('__new__')

return cls._instance

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)

print('__call__')

return cls._instance

class Foo(metaclass=Singleton):

# 不兼容Python2

pass

print('1')

foo1 = Foo()

print('2')

foo2 = Foo()

print (foo1 is foo2) # True

上面这段代码的执行结果

$ python metaclass.py

__new__

1

__call__

2

__call__

True

如果描述不够详细，请在评论区留一下言，我再改进。