matlab bval,遗传算法matlab程序

遗传算法程序:

说明: fga.m 为遗传算法的主程序;

采用二进制Gray编码,采用基于轮盘赌法的非线性排名选择, 均匀交叉,变异操作,而且还引入了倒位操作!

function

[BestPop,Trace]=fga(FUN,LB,UB,eranum,popsize,pCross,pMutation,pInversion,options)

%

[BestPop,Trace]=fmaxga(FUN,LB,UB,eranum,popsize,pcross,pmutation)

% Finds a maximum of a function of several variables.

% fmaxga solves problems of the form:

% max F(X) subject to: LB <= X <=

UB %

BestPop - 最优的群体即为最优的染色体群

%

Trace - 最佳染色体所对应的目标函数值

%

FUN - 目标函数

%

LB - 自变量下限

%

UB - 自变量上限

%

eranum - 种群的代数,取100--1000(默认200)

%

popsize - 每一代种群的规模；此可取50--200(默认100)

%

pcross - 交叉概率,一般取0.5--0.85之间较好(默认0.8)

%

pmutation - 初始变异概率,一般取0.05-0.2之间较好(默认0.1)

% pInversion - 倒位概率,一般取0.05－0.3之间较好(默认0.2)

%

options - 1*2矩阵,options(1)=0二进制编码(默认0),option(1)~=0十进制编

%码,option(2)设定求解精度(默认1e-4)

%

%

------------------------------------------------------------------------

T1=clock;

if nargin<3, error('FMAXGA requires at least three

input arguments'); end

if nargin==3,

eranum=200;popsize=100;pCross=0.8;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.15;options=[0

1e-4];end

if nargin==4,

popsize=100;pCross=0.8;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.15;options=[0

1e-4];end

if nargin==5, pCross=0.8;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.15;options=[0

1e-4];end

if nargin==6, pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.15;options=[0

1e-4];end

if nargin==7, pInversion=0.15;options=[0 1e-4];end

if find((LB-UB)>0)

error('数据输入错误,请重新输入(LB

end

s=sprintf('程序运行需要约%.4f

秒钟时间,请稍等......',(eranum*popsize/1000));

disp(s);

global m n NewPop children1 children2 VarNum

bounds=[LB;UB]';bits=[];VarNum=size(bounds,1);

precision=options(2);%由求解精度确定二进制编码长度

bits=ceil(log2((bounds(:,2)-bounds(:,1))' ./

precision));%由设定精度划分区间

[Pop]=InitPopGray(popsize,bits);%初始化种群

[m,n]=size(Pop);

NewPop=zeros(m,n);

children1=zeros(1,n);

children2=zeros(1,n);

pm0=pMutation;

BestPop=zeros(eranum,n);%分配初始解空间BestPop,Trace

Trace=zeros(eranum,length(bits)+1);

i=1;

while i<=eranum

for

j=1:m

value(j)=feval_r(FUN(1,:),(b2f(Pop(j,:),bounds,bits)));%计算适应度

end

[MaxValue,Index]=max(value);

BestPop(i,:)=Pop(Index,:);

Trace(i,1)=MaxValue;

Trace(i,(2:length(bits)+1))=b2f(BestPop(i,:),bounds,bits);

[selectpop]=NonlinearRankSelect(FUN,Pop,bounds,bits);%非线性排名选择

[CrossOverPop]=CrossOver(selectpop,pCross,round(unidrnd(eranum-i)/eranum));

%采用多点交叉和均匀交叉，且逐步增大均匀交叉的概率

%round(unidrnd(eranum-i)/eranum)

[MutationPop]=Mutation(CrossOverPop,pMutation,VarNum);%变异

[InversionPop]=Inversion(MutationPop,pInversion);%倒位

Pop=InversionPop;%更新

pMutation=pm0+(i^4)*(pCross/3-pm0)/(eranum^4);

%随着种群向前进化，逐步增大变异率至1/2交叉率

p(i)=pMutation;

i=i+1;

end

t=1:eranum;

plot(t,Trace(:,1)');

title('函数优化的遗传算法');xlabel('进化世代数(eranum)');ylabel('每一代最优适应度(maxfitness)');

[MaxFval,I]=max(Trace(:,1));

X=Trace(I,(2:length(bits)+1));

hold on; plot(I,MaxFval,'*');

text(I+5,MaxFval,['FMAX=' num2str(MaxFval)]);

str1=sprintf('进化到 %d 代 ,自变量为 %s 时,得本次求解的最优值

%f\n对应染色体是：%s',I,num2str(X),MaxFval,num2str(BestPop(I,:)));

disp(str1);

%figure(2);plot(t,p);%绘制变异值增大过程

T2=clock;

elapsed_time=T2-T1;

if elapsed_time(6)<0

elapsed_time(6)=elapsed_time(6)+60;

elapsed_time(5)=elapsed_time(5)-1;

end

if elapsed_time(5)<0

elapsed_time(5)=elapsed_time(5)+60;elapsed_time(4)=elapsed_time(4)-1;

end %像这种程序当然不考虑运行上小时啦

str2=sprintf('程序运行耗时 %d 小时 %d 分钟 %.4f

秒',elapsed_time(4),elapsed_time(5),elapsed_time(6));

disp(str2);

%初始化种群

%采用二进制Gray编码,其目的是为了克服二进制编码的Hamming悬崖缺点

function [initpop]=InitPopGray(popsize,bits)

len=sum(bits);

initpop=zeros(popsize,len);%The whole zero encoding

individual

for i=2:popsize-1

pop=round(rand(1,len));

pop=mod(([0

pop]+[pop 0]),2);

%i=1时,b(1)=a(1);i>1时,b(i)=mod(a(i-1)+a(i),2)

%其中原二进制串:a(1)a(2)...a(n),Gray串:b(1)b(2)...b(n)

initpop(i,:)=pop(1:end-1);

end

initpop(popsize,:)=ones(1,len);%The whole one encoding

individual

%解码

function [fval] = b2f(bval,bounds,bits)

% fval - 表征各变量的十进制数

% bval - 表征各变量的二进制编码串

% bounds - 各变量的取值范围

% bits - 各变量的二进制编码长度

scale=(bounds(:,2)-bounds(:,1))'./(2.^bits-1); %The range of the

variables

numV=size(bounds,1);

cs=[0 cumsum(bits)];

for i=1:numV

a=bval((cs(i)+1):cs(i+1));

fval(i)=sum(2.^(size(a,2)-1:-1:0).*a)*scale(i)+bounds(i,1);

end

%选择操作

%采用基于轮盘赌法的非线性排名选择

%各个体成员按适应值从大到小分配选择概率：

%P(i)=(q/1-(1-q)^n)*(1-q)^i, 其中

P(0)>P(1)>...>P(n),

sum(P(i))=1

function

[selectpop]=NonlinearRankSelect(FUN,pop,bounds,bits)

global m n

selectpop=zeros(m,n);

fit=zeros(m,1);

for i=1:m

fit(i)=feval_r(FUN(1,:),(b2f(pop(i,:),bounds,bits)));%以函数值为适应值做排名依据

end

selectprob=fit/sum(fit);%计算各个体相对适应度(0,1)

q=max(selectprob);%选择最优的概率

x=zeros(m,2);

x(:,1)=[m:-1:1]';

[y x(:,2)]=sort(selectprob);

r=q/(1-(1-q)^m);%标准分布基值

newfit(x(:,2))=r*(1-q).^(x(:,1)-1);%生成选择概率

newfit=cumsum(newfit);%计算各选择概率之和

rNums=sort(rand(m,1));

fitIn=1;newIn=1;

while newIn<=m

if

rNums(newIn)

selectpop(newIn,:)=pop(fitIn,:);

newIn=newIn+1;

else

fitIn=fitIn+1;

end

end

%交叉操作

function [NewPop]=CrossOver(OldPop,pCross,opts)

%OldPop为父代种群，pcross为交叉概率

global m n NewPop

r=rand(1,m);

y1=find(r

y2=find(r>=pCross);

len=length(y1);

if

len>2&mod(len,2)==1%如果用来进行交叉的染色体的条数为奇数，将其调整为偶数

y2(length(y2)+1)=y1(len);

y1(len)=[];

end

if length(y1)>=2

for i=0:2:length(y1)-2

if opts==0

[NewPop(y1(i+1),:),NewPop(y1(i+2),:)]=EqualCrossOver(OldPop(y1(i+1),:),OldPop(y1(i+2),:));

else

[NewPop(y1(i+1),:),NewPop(y1(i+2),:)]=MultiPointCross(OldPop(y1(i+1),:),OldPop(y1(i+2),:));

end

end end

NewPop(y2,:)=OldPop(y2,:);

%采用均匀交叉

function [children1,children2]=EqualCrossOver(parent1,parent2)

global n children1 children2

hidecode=round(rand(1,n));%随机生成掩码

crossposition=find(hidecode==1);

holdposition=find(hidecode==0);

children1(crossposition)=parent1(crossposition);%掩码为1，父1为子1提供基因

children1(holdposition)=parent2(holdposition);%掩码为0，父2为子1提供基因

children2(crossposition)=parent2(crossposition);%掩码为1，父2为子2提供基因

children2(holdposition)=parent1(holdposition);%掩码为0，父1为子2提供基因

%采用多点交叉，交叉点数由变量数决定

function

[Children1,Children2]=MultiPointCross(Parent1,Parent2)

global n Children1 Children2 VarNum

Children1=Parent1;

Children2=Parent2;

Points=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2*VarNum));

for i=1:VarNum

Children1(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i))=Parent2(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i));

Children2(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i))=Parent1(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i));

end

%变异操作

function [NewPop]=Mutation(OldPop,pMutation,VarNum)

global m n NewPop

r=rand(1,m);

position=find(r<=pMutation);

len=length(position);

if len>=1

for i=1:len

k=unidrnd(n,1,VarNum); %设置变异点数，一般设置1点

for j=1:length(k)

if OldPop(position(i),k(j))==1

OldPop(position(i),k(j))=0;

else

OldPop(position(i),k(j))=1;

end

end

end

end

NewPop=OldPop;

%倒位操作

function [NewPop]=Inversion(OldPop,pInversion)

global m n NewPop

NewPop=OldPop;

r=rand(1,m);

PopIn=find(r<=pInversion);

len=length(PopIn);

if len>=1

for

i=1:len

d=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));

if d(1)~=1&d(2)~=n

NewPop(PopIn(i),1:d(1)-1)=OldPop(PopIn(i),1:d(1)-1);

NewPop(PopIn(i),d(1):d(2))=OldPop(PopIn(i),d(2):-1:d(1));

NewPop(PopIn(i),d(2)+1:n)=OldPop(PopIn(i),d(2)+1:n);

end

end

end