java 构造器 null_java 构造器

构造器在生成对象过程中对属性进行初始化赋值，可重载多个构造器，类中最少有一个隐式构造器,如果显式定义构造器, 系统就不在提供默认的空参数的构造器，所以在自定义构造器时，如果需要new Person() 需写一个空参构造器,不然会报错

0.构造器定义方式

权限修饰符 构造器名(参数列表){

// 初始化代码体

}

1.隐式

public class PersonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person p = new Person();

System.out.println(p.age); // 0 默认值；

}

}

class Person{

int age;

//类体存在隐式空参构造器 权限修饰符跟class相同

}

2.显式空参构造器(跟默认构造器一样 权限修饰符可以更改)

public class PersonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person p = new Person();

System.out.println(p.age); // 0

}

}

class Person{

int age;

public Person() {

}

}

3.显式有形参列表(重载)

public class PersonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person p1 = new Person(20);

System.out.println("p1 age is :" + p1.getAge());

Person p2 = new Person("李狗蛋");

System.out.println("p2 name is :" + p2.getName());

Person p3 = new Person(18,"李狗蛋");

System.out.println("p3 age is :" + p3.getAge() + "\t name is: " + p3.getName());

}

}

class Person{

private int age;

private String name;

public Person(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public Person(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Person(int age,String name) {

this.age = age;

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

}

4.赋值顺序

public class PersonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person p = new Person("李老八");

System.out.println("name"+p.getName());

p.setName("轩子巨二兔");

System.out.println("After setting name:" + p.getName());

}

}

class Person{

private String name; // null(默认) => “李老八”(构造器) => “轩子老师”(操作赋值)

public Person(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}