mysql如何备份安装程序_Mysql 5.7 安装及备份

> 环境 centos 7.5

1. 下载 Mysql 5.7 和 boost 源码包

```bash

# 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql/build && cd /data/mysql/build

# 下载 mysql 5.7 和 boost 源码

yum install -y wget

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.23.tar.gz

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

```

2. 系统更新以及编译依赖

```bash

yum update -y && yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake bison

```

3. 创建 mysql 系统用户组

```bash

groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

```

4. 预编译 mysql

```bash

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.23.tar.gz && tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.7.23

# 开始预编译

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \

-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \

-DWITH_BOOST=../boost_1_59_0 \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1

```

5. 编译安装

```bash

# 这里使用多核心编译，提高编译速度

make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`

make install

```

6. 创建 mysql.cnf 配置文件

```shell

# 此配置情况修改

cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /data/mysql

pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

user = mysql

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'

character-set-server = utf8mb4

#skip-name-resolve

#skip-networking

back_log = 300

max_connections = 1000

max_connect_errors = 6000

open_files_limit = 65535

table_open_cache = 128

max_allowed_packet = 4M

binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_cache_size=512M

max_binlog_size=512M

max_heap_table_size = 8M

tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

join_buffer_size = 8M

key_buffer_size = 4M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1

query_cache_size = 8M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = /data/mysql/logbin.log

log_bin_index=/data/mysql/logindex

binlog_format = ROW

expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

long_query_time = 1

slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

#lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB

#default-storage-engine = MyISAM

innodb_file_per_table = 1

innodb_open_files = 500

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0

innodb_purge_threads = 1

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M

innodb_log_file_size = 32M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800

wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer = 4M

write_buffer = 4M

EOF

```

7. 初始化数据库

```bash

# 清空 /data/mysql 文件夹，用来保存 mysql 初始数据

cd /data && rm -rf /data/mysql/build

# 在 /data/mysql 下初始化 mysql 数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

```

8. 查找 mysql 默认密码

```shell

# 查找到的字符即为 mysql 默认密码

grep -o "A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:.*" mysql/mysql-error.log | cut -d ":" -f2

```

9. mysql 启动脚本

```bash

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

# 设置开机自启 mysql

systemctl enable mysqld

# 启动 mysql 进程

systemctl start mysqld

```

10. mysql 环境变量

```bash

echo PATH=\${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

```

11. 开启远程登录和密码修改(出于安全考虑，请自行斟酌)

```bash

# 修改 mysql 默认密码

mysql -u root -p

# 设置新密码为 123456

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');

# 创建一个远程 root 账户 密码为 mypassword

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# 刷新 权限

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

```

12. mysql 增量和全量备份

```shell

# 创建备份目录, 备份脚本

mkdir -p /data/mysql_backup/daily

# 全量备份脚本 ---BEGIN

cat > /data/mysql_backup/backup_all.sh <

#!/bin/bash

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# 备份目录

BackupDir=/data/mysql_backup

# 备份日志

LogFile=${BackupDir}/bak.log

# 当前日期

Date=`date +%Y%m%d`

# 开始时间

Begin=`date +"%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S"`

cd $BackupDir

DumpFile=$Date.sql

GZDumpFile=$Date.sql.tgz

# 全量备份 数据库，重新建立 binlog, 建议使用非 root 用户进行备份

mysqldump -ubackup -p123456 --all-databases --flush-logs --delete-master-logs --single-transaction > $DumpFile

# 打包压缩

tar -czvf $GZDumpFile $DumpFile

rm $DumpFile

count=$(ls -l *.tgz |wc -l)

if [ $count -ge 7 ]

then

file=$(ls -l *.tgz |awk '{print $9}'|awk 'NR==1')

rm -f $file

fi

# 结束时间

Last=`date +"%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S"`

# 写入日志文件

echo 开始:$Begin 结束:$Last $GZDumpFile succ >> $LogFile

# 删除以前的增量备份文件

cd $BackupDir/daily

rm -f *

EOF

# 全量备份脚本 --END

# 增量备份脚本 --BEGIN

cat > /data/mysql_backup/backup_inc.sh <

#!/bin/bash

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# 工作目录

WorkDir=/data/mysql_backup

# 增量备份目录

BackupDir=${WorkDir}/daily

# mysql bin log 日志文件所在目录

BinDir=/data/mysql

LogFile=${WorkDir}/binlog.log

# bin log 索引文件

BinFile=/data/mysql/logindex.index

#这个是用于产生新的mysql-bin.00000*文件 ,建议使用非 root 用户执行

mysqladmin -ubackup -p123456 flush-logs

Counter=`wc -l $BinFile |awk '{print $1}'`

NextNum=0

#这个for循环用于比对$Counter,$NextNum这两个值来确定文件是不是存在或最新的。

for file in `cat $BinFile`

do

base=`basename $file`

#basename用于截取mysql-bin.00000*文件名，去掉./mysql-bin.000005前面的./

NextNum=`expr $NextNum + 1`

if [ $NextNum -eq $Counter ]

then

echo $base skip! >> $LogFile

else

dest=$BackupDir/$base

if(test -e $dest)

#test -e用于检测目标文件是否存在，存在就写exist!到$LogFile去。

then

echo $base exist! >> $LogFile

else

cp $BinDir/$base $BackupDir

echo $base copying >> $LogFile

fi

fi

done

echo `date +"%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S"` Bakup succ! >> $LogFile

EOF

# 增量备份脚本 --END

# 创建 mysql backup 最小权限用户用于备份操作

mysql> CREATE USER 'backup'@'localhost';

mysql> ALTER USER 'backup'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

mysql> grant lock tables,reload,process,replication client,super,select,event,trigger,show view on *.* to backup@'localhost';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# crontab -e 添加以下任务计划

#-------------- BEGIN ---------------

#每个星期日凌晨3:00执行完全备份脚本

0 3 * * 0 /data/mysql_backup/backup_all.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

#周一到周六凌晨3:00做增量备份

0 3 * * 1-6 /data/mysql_backup/backup_inc.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

#--------------- END ----------------

```