python自带修饰符有哪些_python中的 @ 修饰符

2.定义一个只能产生一个实例的类(有实例后，这个类不能再产生新的实例)。注意，一旦这个类失效了(估计意思是保存在下文的singleton中字典中的相应键失效)，就会促使程序员让这个类产生更多的实例。(来自于python-dev的Shane Hathaway)

def singleton(cls):

instances = {}

def getinstance():

if cls not in instances:

instances[cls] = cls()

return instances[cls]

return getinstance

@singleton

class MyClass:

...

3.Add attributes to a function. (Based on an example posted by Anders Munch on python-dev.)

def attrs(**kwds):

def decorate(f):

for k in kwds:

setattr(f, k, kwds[k])

return f

return decorate

@attrs(versionadded="2.2",

author="Guido van Rossum")

def mymethod(f):

...

4.Enforce function argument and return types. Note that this copies the func_name attribute from the old to the new function. func_name was made writable in Python 2.4a3:

def accepts(*types):

def check_accepts(f):

assert len(types) == f.func_code.co_argcount

def new_f(*args, **kwds):

for (a, t) in zip(args, types):

assert isinstance(a, t), \

"arg %r does not match %s" % (a,t)

return f(*args, **kwds)

new_f.func_name = f.func_name

return new_f

return check_accepts

def returns(rtype):

def check_returns(f):

def new_f(*args, **kwds):

result = f(*args, **kwds)

assert isinstance(result, rtype), \

"return value %r does not match %s" % (result,rtype)

return result

new_f.func_name = f.func_name

return new_f

return check_returns

@accepts(int, (int,float))

@returns((int,float))

def func(arg1, arg2):

return arg1 * arg2

5.Declare that a class implements a particular (set of) interface(s). This is from a posting by Bob Ippolito on python-dev based on experience with PyProtocols [27].

def provides(*interfaces):

"""

An actual, working, implementation of provides for

the current implementation of PyProtocols. Not

particularly important for the PEP text.

"""

def provides(typ):

declareImplementation(typ, instancesProvide=interfaces)

return typ

return provides

class IBar(Interface):

"""Declare something about IBar here"""

@provides(IBar)

class Foo(object):

"""Implement something here..."""